4.4: Procedures
- Page ID
- 29135
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)You will investigate and compare the properties of paper towels.
Absorbency
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Choose the four brands of paper towels you will be testing and obtain 2 sheets of each. Label the sheets with the brand name.
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Draw the table for absorbency data. Do not fill in data until you have read the instructions for obtaining that data.
Paper Towel Brand |
Predicted Absorbency Ranking |
Dry Mass (grams) |
Wet Mass (grams) |
Amount of Water Absorbed (grams) |
Measured Absorbency Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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List the brand names of the paper towels your team chose, in your table. Number the predicted rankings for the paper towels, in your table; give a 1 to the paper towel you expect to have the best absorbency and a 4 to the paper towel you expect to have the least absorbency.
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Cut an equal size piece of each brand of paper towel. Label these pieces with the brand name.
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Devise a process for testing the absorbency, which includes measurements of the dry mass and wet mass for the paper towel pieces. Follow the process and complete your table.
Clean-up
- Throw away wet paper towel pieces
- Completely dry Triple Beam Balance
- Use classroom paper towels to dry the team table
Speed
-
Draw the table for speed data and list the brand names of the paper towels your team chose. Read the instructions for obtaining your speed data.
Paper Towel Brand |
Predicted Speed Ranking |
Time to Absorb Water |
Measured Speed Ranking |
---|---|---|---|
-
Cut an equal size thin strip of each brand of paper towel. Label these pieces with the brand name.
-
Number the predicted rankings for the paper towels, in your table; give a 1 to the paper towel you expect to have the fastest absorbency time and a 4 to the paper towel you expect to have the slowest absorbency time.
-
Devise a process for testing the speed at which each strip absorbs water, which includes time measurements. Follow the process and complete your table.
Clean-up
- Throw away wet paper towel pieces
- Use classroom paper towels to dry the team table
Strength
-
Draw the table for strength data and list the brand names of the paper towels your team chose. Read the instructions for obtaining your strength data.
Paper Towel Brand |
Predicted Strength Ranking |
Observed Strength Ranking |
---|---|---|
-
Cut an equal size piece of each brand of paper towel. Label these pieces with the brand name.
-
Number the predicted rankings for the paper towels, in your table; give a 1 to the paper towel you expect to be the strongest and a 4 to the paper towel you expect to be the weakest.
-
Devise a process for testing the strength of the wet paper towel pieces, using the materials provided (clothespins and/or various masses), which includes specific observations. Follow the process and complete your table.
Clean-up
- Throw away wet paper towel pieces
- Use classroom paper towels to dry the team table
Cost
-
Draw the table for cost information and list the brand names of the paper towels your team chose. Read the instructions for obtaining your cost data.
Paper Towel Brand |
Cost per Roll |
Square Feet per Roll |
Calculated Cost per SQ FT |
---|---|---|---|
-
Use the information from the packaging to calculate the value of each paper towel (SQ FT per penny), and record this value in your table.
Clean-up
- Throw away any remaining pieces of paper towels at your team table
- Discard water outside (water plants)
- Use classroom paper towels to completely dry beaker