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12.5.2: The Lamb Shift
https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Quantum_Mechanics/Quantum_Mechanics_(Walet)/12%3A_Quantum_Mechanics_of_the_Hydrogen_Atom/12.05%3A_Smaller_Effects/12.5.02%3A_The_Lamb_Shift
The effect is explained by the theory of quantum electrodynamics, in which the electromagnetic interaction itself is quantized. Some of the effects of this theory which cause the Lamb shift.

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