and we have used the divergence theorem to convert the volume integral of the divergence to a surface integral of \(\nhat\cdot\BV\), where \(\nhat\) is the surface normal and \(dS\) is the differentia...and we have used the divergence theorem to convert the volume integral of the divergence to a surface integral of \(\nhat\cdot\BV\), where \(\nhat\) is the surface normal and \(dS\) is the differential element of surface area, and \(\pz\CR\) denotes the boundary of the region \(\CR\).