The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) ...The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) It is impossible in any system for heat transfer from a reservoir to completely convert to work in a cyclical process in which the system returns to its initial state. Irreversible processes depend on path and do not return to their original state. Cyclical processes are processes that return to the
The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) ...The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) It is impossible in any system for heat transfer from a reservoir to completely convert to work in a cyclical process in which the system returns to its initial state. Irreversible processes depend on path and do not return to their original state. Cyclical processes are processes that return to the
The automobile engine operates in four steps, with the injection of the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. It undergoes compression which can be idealized as being adiabatic. The ignition then raises...The automobile engine operates in four steps, with the injection of the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. It undergoes compression which can be idealized as being adiabatic. The ignition then raises the pressure to a high value with almost no change of volume. The high pressure mixture rapidly expands, which is again almost adiabatic. This is the power stroke driving the piston down. The final step is the exhaust when the spent fuel is removed from the cylinder.
