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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/02%3A_Historical_Astronomy/2.08%3A_The_Birth_of_Modern_AstronomyThis page discusses the Copernican Revolution and highlights the contributions of four influential figures: Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric model, challenging the Ptolemaic Geocentric view. His c...This page discusses the Copernican Revolution and highlights the contributions of four influential figures: Copernicus proposed the Heliocentric model, challenging the Ptolemaic Geocentric view. His critiques focused on the Geocentric model's inaccuracies, particularly in explaining retrograde motion.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/14%3A_The_Milky_Way_Galaxy/14.10%3A_A_Spinning_SpiralThis page discusses the differential rotation of the Milky Way Galaxy, noting that the Solar System takes 230 million years to orbit it. It highlights the approaching Andromeda Galaxy, which may colli...This page discusses the differential rotation of the Milky Way Galaxy, noting that the Solar System takes 230 million years to orbit it. It highlights the approaching Andromeda Galaxy, which may collide with the Milky Way in 3 to 4 billion years, eventually merging into an elliptical galaxy over a billion years. Additionally, it reflects on themes of curiosity and exploration inspired by Edgar Allan Poe.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/09%3A_Minor_Bodies_of_the_Solar_System/9.02%3A_The_Oort_Cloud_and_Kuiper_BeltThis page discusses the Oort Cloud, a theoretical spherical region of icy objects located up to 50,000 AU from the sun, which is considered the primary source of long-period comets. No Oort Cloud Obje...This page discusses the Oort Cloud, a theoretical spherical region of icy objects located up to 50,000 AU from the sun, which is considered the primary source of long-period comets. No Oort Cloud Objects (OCO) have been discovered yet, and the Oort Cloud is believed to delineate the outer boundary of the solar system.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/06%3A_Solar_System_Formation_and_Other_Stellar_Systems/6.05%3A_The_Nebular_Theory-_ProplydsThis page supports the Nebular Theory through observations of gas and dust discs around stars, the existence of young planetary systems (Proplyds), and spiral galaxy formation. Computer modeling furth...This page supports the Nebular Theory through observations of gas and dust discs around stars, the existence of young planetary systems (Proplyds), and spiral galaxy formation. Computer modeling further simulates stellar system formation akin to our solar system.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/08%3A_The_Gas_Giant_Planets/8.02%3A_Gas_Giant_PlanetsThis page discusses Gas Giant planets, also known as Jovian Planets, highlighting their larger size compared to Rocky Planets and their gas composition. It notes their short revolution periods, numero...This page discusses Gas Giant planets, also known as Jovian Planets, highlighting their larger size compared to Rocky Planets and their gas composition. It notes their short revolution periods, numerous moons, and ring systems, while also mentioning that they are located farther from the Sun, resulting in longer revolution periods compared to Rocky Planets.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/14%3A_The_Milky_Way_Galaxy/14.06%3A_The_Milky_Way_Galaxys_ShapeThis page discusses the historical understanding of the Milky Way Galaxy, starting with Immanuel Kant's 1755 proposal that it is a gravity-bound collection of stars, influenced by Thomas Wright. It th...This page discusses the historical understanding of the Milky Way Galaxy, starting with Immanuel Kant's 1755 proposal that it is a gravity-bound collection of stars, influenced by Thomas Wright. It then mentions William Herschel's 1785 sketch of the Milky Way's shape, derived from his star counts, which suggested that the Solar System is near the galaxy's center.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/14%3A_The_Milky_Way_Galaxy/14.09%3A_Earths_Position_within_the_Milky_Way_GalaxyThis page explains that the Solar System's location is advantageous for observing space, as it is free from dense dust of the Interstellar Medium and not too close to the Milky Way's center, which wou...This page explains that the Solar System's location is advantageous for observing space, as it is free from dense dust of the Interstellar Medium and not too close to the Milky Way's center, which would expose it to constant daylight and harmful radiation from Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Rocky_Planets/7.07%3A_Planet_EarthThis page discusses Earth as the largest rocky planet in the Solar System, unique for its liquid water covering 75% of its surface. Key influences on Earth include the Moon and Sun's gravitational pul...This page discusses Earth as the largest rocky planet in the Solar System, unique for its liquid water covering 75% of its surface. Key influences on Earth include the Moon and Sun's gravitational pull on tides, while geological processes like erosion and volcanism shape its landscape.
