Here the x axis is along the ground, R is the range, and h is the maximum altitude. where v0 is the initial velocity of the cannonball, called the muzzle velocity. Typicall...Here the x axis is along the ground, R is the range, and h is the maximum altitude. where v0 is the initial velocity of the cannonball, called the muzzle velocity. Typically in real life you will not know the cartesian components of the velocity vector ( vx0 and vy0 ); instead you are more likely to know the magnitude of the muzzle velocity v0 and the launch angle θ.