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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/13%3A_Atomic_Structure/13.05%3A_Atomic_Spectra_and_X-raysAn electron in the L shell “sees” an effective charge \(Z = 13 - 1 = 12\), because one electron in the K shell shields the nuclear charge. (Recall, two electrons are not in the K shell because the oth...An electron in the L shell “sees” an effective charge \(Z = 13 - 1 = 12\), because one electron in the K shell shields the nuclear charge. (Recall, two electrons are not in the K shell because the other electron state is vacant.) The frequency of the emitted photon can be estimated from the energy difference between the L and K shells.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Atomic_Structure/8.06%3A_Atomic_Spectra_and_X-raysRadiation is absorbed and emitted by atomic energy-level transitions. Quantum numbers can be used to estimate the energy, frequency, and wavelength of photons produced by atomic transitions. X-ray ph...Radiation is absorbed and emitted by atomic energy-level transitions. Quantum numbers can be used to estimate the energy, frequency, and wavelength of photons produced by atomic transitions. X-ray photons are produced when a vacancy in an inner shell of an atom is filled by an electron from the outer shell of the atom. The frequency of X-ray radiation is related to the atomic number Z of an atom.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Essential_Graduate_Physics_-_Classical_Electrodynamics_(Likharev)/10%3A_Radiation_by_Relativistic_Charges/10.04%3A_BremsstrahlungThis is why, in order to avoid confusion and facilitate the comparison with other texts, in this section I (still staying with the SI units used throughout my series) will use the fraction \(\ 1 / \va...This is why, in order to avoid confusion and facilitate the comparison with other texts, in this section I (still staying with the SI units used throughout my series) will use the fraction \(\ 1 / \varepsilon_{0} c\), instead of its equivalent \(\ Z_{0}\), for the free-space wave impedance, and write the coefficients in a form that makes the transfer to the Gaussian units elementary: it is sufficient to replace all \(\ \left(q q^{\prime} / 4 \pi \varepsilon_{0}\right)_{\mathrm{SI}}\) with \(\ \…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/29%3A_Introduction_to_Quantum_Physics/29.03%3A_Photon_Energies_and_the_Electromagnetic_SpectrumPreviously in this book, photon characteristics were alluded to in the discussion of some of the characteristics of UV, x rays, and \(\gamma\) rays, the first of which start with frequencies just abov...Previously in this book, photon characteristics were alluded to in the discussion of some of the characteristics of UV, x rays, and \(\gamma\) rays, the first of which start with frequencies just above violet in the visible spectrum. Electrons can give all of their kinetic energy to a single photon when they strike the anode of a CRT. (This is something like the photoelectric effect in reverse.) The kinetic energy of the electron comes from electrical potential energy.
