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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/02%3A_Electrostatics_-_Charges_Forces_and_Fields/2.03%3A_Conductors_Insulators_and_Charging_by_InductionFigure \PageIndex4: Charging by induction. (a) Two uncharged or neutral metal spheres are in contact with each other but insulated from the rest of the world. (b) A positively charged glass rod ...Figure \PageIndex4: Charging by induction. (a) Two uncharged or neutral metal spheres are in contact with each other but insulated from the rest of the world. (b) A positively charged glass rod is brought near the sphere on the left, attracting negative charge and leaving the other sphere positively charged. (c) The spheres are separated before the rod is removed, thus separating negative and positive charges. (d) The spheres retain net charges after the inducing rod is removed—without ev…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_9C__Electricity_and_Magnetism/1%3A_Electrostatic_Fields/1.4%3A_DipolesParticles we encounter (such as atoms and molecules) rarely are electrically charged, as they tend to attract and bond with other particles that are oppositely-charged. But these neutrally-charged par...Particles we encounter (such as atoms and molecules) rarely are electrically charged, as they tend to attract and bond with other particles that are oppositely-charged. But these neutrally-charged particles are still affected by electric fields, thanks to their component charges being ever-so-slightly separated.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Electromagnetics_and_Applications_(Staelin)/10%3A_Antennas_and_Radiation/10.03%3A_Antenna_gain_effective_area_and_circuit_propertiesThis page covers the fundamentals of antenna directivity, gain, and impedance, focusing on short dipole antennas. It defines key relationships between gain, radiation resistance, and the effective are...This page covers the fundamentals of antenna directivity, gain, and impedance, focusing on short dipole antennas. It defines key relationships between gain, radiation resistance, and the effective area, employing Thevenin equivalents to analyze antenna circuits. The reciprocity principle is emphasized, detailing how transmitted power impacts received power across distances.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Electromagnetics_and_Applications_(Staelin)/10%3A_Antennas_and_RadiationThis page covers different aspects of antennas, including radiation principles, short dipole antennas, antenna gain, effective area, and antenna arrays. It emphasizes the benefits of larger gains for ...This page covers different aspects of antennas, including radiation principles, short dipole antennas, antenna gain, effective area, and antenna arrays. It emphasizes the benefits of larger gains for fixed services such as point-to-point and satellite communications and discusses how antenna arrays improve performance by enabling rapid beam steering and simultaneous multi-directional transmission across various applications.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Muhlenberg_College/Physics_122%3A_General_Physics_II_(Collett)/01%3A_Electric_Charges_and_Fields/1.03%3A_Conductors_Insulators_and_Charging_by_InductionIn the preceding section, we said that scientists were able to create electric charge only on nonmetallic materials and never on metals. To understand why this is the case, you have to understand more...In the preceding section, we said that scientists were able to create electric charge only on nonmetallic materials and never on metals. To understand why this is the case, you have to understand more about the nature and structure of atoms. In this section, we discuss how and why electric charges do—or do not—move through materials. A more complete description is given in a later chapter.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Visualizations_and_Simulations/PhET_Simulations/PhET%3A_Charges_and_FieldsArrange positive and negative charges in space and view the resulting electric field and electrostatic potential. Plot equipotential lines and discover their relationship to the electric field. Create...Arrange positive and negative charges in space and view the resulting electric field and electrostatic potential. Plot equipotential lines and discover their relationship to the electric field. Create models of dipoles, capacitors, and more!
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/JJC_-_PHYS_110/07%3A_PhET_Simulations/7.26%3A_PhET-_States_of_MatterWatch different types of molecules form a solid, liquid, or gas. Add or remove heat and watch the phase change. Change the temperature or volume of a container and see a pressure-temperature diagram r...Watch different types of molecules form a solid, liquid, or gas. Add or remove heat and watch the phase change. Change the temperature or volume of a container and see a pressure-temperature diagram respond in real time. Relate the interaction potential to the forces between molecules.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/JJC_-_PHYS_110/07%3A_PhET_Simulations/7.07%3A_PhET-_Charges_and_FieldsArrange positive and negative charges in space and view the resulting electric field and electrostatic potential. Plot equipotential lines and discover their relationship to the electric field. Create...Arrange positive and negative charges in space and view the resulting electric field and electrostatic potential. Plot equipotential lines and discover their relationship to the electric field. Create models of dipoles, capacitors, and more!
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/18%3A_Electric_Charge_and_Electric_Field/18.06%3A_Electric_Forces_in_BiologyClassical electrostatics has an important role to play in modern molecular biology. Large molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and so on—so important to life—are usually electrically charged. DN...Classical electrostatics has an important role to play in modern molecular biology. Large molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and so on—so important to life—are usually electrically charged. DNA itself is highly charged; it is the electrostatic force that not only holds the molecule together but gives the molecule structure and strength.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/03%3A_Electric_Charge_and_Electric_Field/3.07%3A_Electric_Forces_in_BiologyThe symbols δ− and δ+ indicate that the oxygen side of the H2O molecule tends to be more negative, while the hydrogen ends tend to be more positive. These mic...The symbols δ− and δ+ indicate that the oxygen side of the H2O molecule tends to be more negative, while the hydrogen ends tend to be more positive. These microtubules are hollow tubes composed of proteins that guide the movement of chromosomes when cells divide, the motion of other organisms within the cell, and provide mechanisms for motion of some cells (as motors).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PHY_2040%3A_General_Physics_III/04%3A_Geometric_Optics/4.2%3A_Reflection_Refraction_and_DispersionThe law of reflection states that the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.
