If →P is in the z direction and arises from n dipole moments →p=q→d per cubic meter, where →d is the offset [m] of the ...If →P is in the z direction and arises from n dipole moments →p=q→d per cubic meter, where →d is the offset [m] of the positive charge relative to the negative charge, then (2.5.12) can be integrated over a volume V that encloses a unit area of the left-hand face of a polarized dielectric [see Figure 2.5.1(d)] to yield the polarization overlinetor →P inside the dielectric:
