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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/30%3A_Atomic_Physics/30.05%3A_Applications_of_Atomic_Excitations_and_De-ExcitationsMany properties of matter and phenomena in nature are directly related to atomic energy levels and their associated excitations and de-excitations. The color of a rose, the output of a laser, and the ...Many properties of matter and phenomena in nature are directly related to atomic energy levels and their associated excitations and de-excitations. The color of a rose, the output of a laser, and the transparency of air are but a few examples. While it may not appear that glow-in-the-dark pajamas and lasers have much in common, they are in fact different applications of similar atomic de-excitations.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/13%3A_Atomic_Structure/13.05%3A_Atomic_Spectra_and_X-raysAn electron in the L shell “sees” an effective charge Z=13−1=12, because one electron in the K shell shields the nuclear charge. (Recall, two electrons are not in the K shell because the oth...An electron in the L shell “sees” an effective charge Z=13−1=12, because one electron in the K shell shields the nuclear charge. (Recall, two electrons are not in the K shell because the other electron state is vacant.) The frequency of the emitted photon can be estimated from the energy difference between the L and K shells.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Atomic_Structure/8.06%3A_Atomic_Spectra_and_X-raysRadiation is absorbed and emitted by atomic energy-level transitions. Quantum numbers can be used to estimate the energy, frequency, and wavelength of photons produced by atomic transitions. X-ray ph...Radiation is absorbed and emitted by atomic energy-level transitions. Quantum numbers can be used to estimate the energy, frequency, and wavelength of photons produced by atomic transitions. X-ray photons are produced when a vacancy in an inner shell of an atom is filled by an electron from the outer shell of the atom. The frequency of X-ray radiation is related to the atomic number Z of an atom.
