This page explores the properties of permanent magnets, focusing on residual flux density and magnetic energy density. It describes how external fields affect magnet behavior and calculates attractive...This page explores the properties of permanent magnets, focusing on residual flux density and magnetic energy density. It describes how external fields affect magnet behavior and calculates attractive forces with high-permeability materials. The text also addresses temperature effects on magnets and their applications in motors, highlighting the need for precise physical modeling in complex systems like motors and generators.