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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.5%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe second law of thermodynamics states that heat transfer occurs spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/14%3A_Thermodynamics/14.4%3A_EntropyThe entropy of a system is a measure of its disorder and of the unavailability of energy to do work.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Thermodynamics/15.02%3A_The_First_Law_of_Thermodynamics_and_Some_Simple_ProcessesOne of the most important things we can do with heat transfer is to use it to do work for us. Such a device is called a heat engine. Car engines and steam turbines that generate electricity are exampl...One of the most important things we can do with heat transfer is to use it to do work for us. Such a device is called a heat engine. Car engines and steam turbines that generate electricity are examples of heat engines.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019v2/Book%3A_Custom_Physics_textbook_for_JJC/14%3A_Thermodynamics/14.25%3A_EntropyThe entropy of a system is a measure of its disorder and of the unavailability of energy to do work.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.2%3A_The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics/Heat_EnginesA heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can ...A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train. Several questions emerge from the construction and application of heat engines. For example, what is the maximum percentage of the heat extracted that can be used to do work?
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019v2/Book%3A_Custom_Physics_textbook_for_JJC/14%3A_Thermodynamics/14.13%3A_Heat_EnginesA heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can ...A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train. Several questions emerge from the construction and application of heat engines. For example, what is the maximum percentage of the heat extracted that can be used to do work?
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.6%3A_EntropyThe entropy of a system is a measure of its disorder and of the unavailability of energy to do work.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_9B__Waves_Sound_Optics_Thermodynamics_and_Fluids/06%3A_Applications_of_Thermodynamics/6.02%3A_Engines_and_Thermal_EfficiencyEngines convert heat transfer between two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures into work. For reasons we will learn later, they are not able to convert all of the heat energy into work, which...Engines convert heat transfer between two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures into work. For reasons we will learn later, they are not able to convert all of the heat energy into work, which means that no matter how well-designed they are, they cannot be 100% efficient. We will examine how these engines work, and define a quantity that measures their efficiency.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/08%3A_Energy_Physics_and_Chemistry/8.07%3A_Thermal_Physics/8.7.11%3A_Carnots_Perfect_Heat_Engine-_The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_RestatedJust as discussed for the Otto cycle in the previous section, this means that efficiency is greatest for the highest possible temperature of the hot reservoir and lowest possible temperature of the co...Just as discussed for the Otto cycle in the previous section, this means that efficiency is greatest for the highest possible temperature of the hot reservoir and lowest possible temperature of the cold reservoir. (This setup increases the area inside the closed loop on the \(PV\) diagram; also, it seems reasonable that the greater the temperature difference, the easier it is to divert the heat transfer to work.) The actual reservoir temperatures of a heat engine are usually related to the type…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/04%3A_The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics/4.03%3A_Heat_EnginesA heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can ...A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train. Several questions emerge from the construction and application of heat engines. For example, what is the maximum percentage of the heat extracted that can be used to do work?
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Workbench/PH_245_Textbook_V2/07%3A_Module_6_-_Thermodynamics/7.02%3A_Objective_6.b./7.2.12%3A_Heat_EnginesA heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can ...A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work that is used for all sorts of applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train. Several questions emerge from the construction and application of heat engines. For example, what is the maximum percentage of the heat extracted that can be used to do work?
