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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/12%3A_Sources_of_Magnetic_Fields/12.08%3A_Magnetism_in_MatterWhy are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magn...Why are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magnetism on a microscopic level. Within an atom, every electron travels in an orbit and spins on an internal axis. Both types of motion produce current loops and therefore magnetic dipoles. For a particular atom, the net magnetic dipole moment is the vector sum of the magnetic dipole moments.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Muhlenberg_College/Physics_122%3A_General_Physics_II_(Collett)/08%3A_Sources_of_Magnetic_Fields/8.08%3A_Magnetism_in_MatterWhy are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magn...Why are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magnetism on a microscopic level. Within an atom, every electron travels in an orbit and spins on an internal axis. Both types of motion produce current loops and therefore magnetic dipoles. For a particular atom, the net magnetic dipole moment is the vector sum of the magnetic dipole moments.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Book%3A_Applications_of_Maxwells_Equations_(Cochran_and_Heinrich)/06%3A_Ferromagnetism/6.01%3A_IntroductionThis tendency is called ”the magnetic pole avoidance principle”. The size of the magnetic domains in the absence of an applied magnetic field depends very strongly on the structure of the material (wh...This tendency is called ”the magnetic pole avoidance principle”. The size of the magnetic domains in the absence of an applied magnetic field depends very strongly on the structure of the material (whether the specimen is a polycrystal or a single crystal), upon the concentration of impurities, and upon the presence of internal stresses.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/08%3A_The_Magnetic_Field/8.09%3A_Magnetism_in_MatterWhy are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magn...Why are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magnetism on a microscopic level. Within an atom, every electron travels in an orbit and spins on an internal axis. Both types of motion produce current loops and therefore magnetic dipoles. For a particular atom, the net magnetic dipole moment is the vector sum of the magnetic dipole moments.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grand_Rapids_Community_College/PH246_Calculus_Physics_II_(2025)/08%3A_Sources_of_Magnetic_Fields/8.06%3A_Magnetism_in_MatterWhy are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magn...Why are certain materials magnetic and others not? And why do certain substances become magnetized by a field, whereas others are unaffected? To answer such questions, we need an understanding of magnetism on a microscopic level. Within an atom, every electron travels in an orbit and spins on an internal axis. Both types of motion produce current loops and therefore magnetic dipoles. For a particular atom, the net magnetic dipole moment is the vector sum of the magnetic dipole moments.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/06%3A_Sources_of_Magnetism_Magnetic_Forces_and_Fields/6.13%3A_Magnetism_in_MatterThe arrows represent the orientations of the magnetic dipoles within the domains. (b) In an applied magnetic field, the domains align somewhat with the field. (c) The domains of a single crystal of ni...The arrows represent the orientations of the magnetic dipoles within the domains. (b) In an applied magnetic field, the domains align somewhat with the field. (c) The domains of a single crystal of nickel.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Electricity_and_Magnetism_(Tatum)/12%3A_Properties_of_Magnetic_Materials/12.03%3A_Magnetization_and_SusceptibilityThe H-field inside a long solenoid is nI. If there is a vacuum inside the solenoid, the B-field is μoH=μonI. If we now place an iron rod of permeability μ inside the solen...The H-field inside a long solenoid is nI. If there is a vacuum inside the solenoid, the B-field is μoH=μonI. If we now place an iron rod of permeability μ inside the solenoid, this doesn't change H, which remains nI. The B-field, however, is now B=μH. This is greater than μoH, and we can write B=μo(H+M)
