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    About 12 results
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grossmont_College/ASTR_110%3A_Astronomy_(Fitzgerald)/09%3A_The_Sun/9.06%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_Relativity
      Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy given by the formula E=mc2.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/11%3A__Nuclear_Physics/11.04%3A_Nuclear_Reactions
      The positron 01e is emitted with the neutrino ν, and the neutron remains in the nucleus. (Like β decay, the positron does not precede the decay but is produced in the decay.) For...The positron 01e is emitted with the neutrino ν, and the neutron remains in the nucleus. (Like β decay, the positron does not precede the decay but is produced in the decay.) For an isolated proton, this process is impossible because the neutron is heavier than the proton.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/31%3A_Radioactivity_and_Nuclear_Physics/31.04%3A_Nuclear_Decay_and_Conservation_Laws
      Nuclear decay has provided an amazing window into the realm of the very small. Nuclear decay gave the first indication of the connection between mass and energy, and it revealed the existence of two o...Nuclear decay has provided an amazing window into the realm of the very small. Nuclear decay gave the first indication of the connection between mass and energy, and it revealed the existence of two of the four basic forces in nature. In this section, we explore the major modes of nuclear decay; and, like those who first explored them, we will discover evidence of previously unknown particles and conservation laws.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/12%3A__Nuclear_Physics/12.05%3A_Nuclear_Reactions
      Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to pen...Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to penetrate matter. Alpha radiation is barely able to pass through a thin sheet of paper. Beta radiation can penetrate aluminum to a depth of about 3 mm, and gamma radiation can penetrate lead to a depth of 2 or more centimeters.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_2e_(OpenStax)/16%3A_The_Sun-_A_Nuclear_Powerhouse/16.03%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_Relativity
      Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy (with the amount of energy given by the formula E = mc2).
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics_(Walet)/01%3A_A_History_of_Particle_Physics/1.08%3A_Mesons_Leptons_and_Neutrinos
      The π is found (in cosmic rays) and is the progenitor of the μ’s that were seen before: π+μ++νμ The next year artificial pions are produced in a...The π is found (in cosmic rays) and is the progenitor of the μ’s that were seen before: π+μ++νμ The next year artificial pions are produced in an accelerator, and in 1950 the neutral pion is found, π0γγ. This is an example of the conservation of electric charge.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics/Introduction_to_Applied_Nuclear_Physics_(Cappellaro)/07%3A_Radioactive_Decay_Part_II/7.02%3A_Beta_Decay
      The beta decay is a radioactive decay in which a proton in a nucleus is converted into a neutron (or vice-versa). In the process the nucleus emits a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) an...The beta decay is a radioactive decay in which a proton in a nucleus is converted into a neutron (or vice-versa). In the process the nucleus emits a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) and quasi-massless particle, the neutrino.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_1e_(OpenStax)/16%3A_The_Sun-_A_Nuclear_Powerhouse/16.02%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_Relativity
      Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy (with the amount of energy given by the formula E = mc2).
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/10%3A__Nuclear_Physics/10.05%3A_Nuclear_Reactions
      Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to pen...Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to penetrate matter. Alpha radiation is barely able to pass through a thin sheet of paper. Beta radiation can penetrate aluminum to a depth of about 3 mm, and gamma radiation can penetrate lead to a depth of 2 or more centimeters.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Bowdoin_College/Phys1140%3A_Introductory_Physics_II%3A_Part_2/07%3A__Nuclear_Physics/7.05%3A_Nuclear_Reactions
      Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to pen...Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma  (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to penetrate matter. Alpha radiation is barely able to pass through a thin sheet of paper. Beta radiation can penetrate aluminum to a depth of about 3 mm, and gamma radiation can penetrate lead to a depth of 2 or more centimeters.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Relativity/Special_Relativity_(Crowell)/04%3A_Dynamics/4.01%3A_Ultrarelativistic_particles
      Ultrarelativistic objects are objects moving at nearly c . A good way of thinking about an ultrarelativistic particle is that it’s a particle with a very small mass. For example, the subatomic partic...Ultrarelativistic objects are objects moving at nearly c . A good way of thinking about an ultrarelativistic particle is that it’s a particle with a very small mass. For example, the subatomic particle called the neutrino has a very small mass, thousands of times smaller than that of the electron.

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