This page introduces optical communications and photonics, tracing their development and emphasizing the role of optical fibers in high-bandwidth, long-distance transmission. It covers essential compo...This page introduces optical communications and photonics, tracing their development and emphasizing the role of optical fibers in high-bandwidth, long-distance transmission. It covers essential components like lasers and photodetectors, while also considering microwave satellite communications for broadcasting. The discussion includes practical applications, such as trans-oceanic cables and Mars communication, highlighting data transmission capacities.