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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/08%3A_Energy_Physics_and_Chemistry/8.03%3A_Thermochemical_Equations/8.3.02%3A_Environment-_GasA better estimate may be the Lower Heating Value (LHV) which is adjusted by adding the heat of vaporization of water, and heat required to raise the temperature of reactants to the combustion temperat...A better estimate may be the Lower Heating Value (LHV) which is adjusted by adding the heat of vaporization of water, and heat required to raise the temperature of reactants to the combustion temperature and products to 150 o C (an arbitrarily chosen standard). This is still different from the LHV because of the heat required to change the temperature of the reactants and products from the standard temperature (25 o C) to the combustion temperature.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.02%3A_Introduction-_Fundamentals_of_Motion-_Scientific_Overview/9.2.03%3A_Resolving_Vectors_into_ComponentsOne of the methods we can use to add these vectors is to resolve each one into a pair of vectors that lay on the north-south and east-west axes. The two vectors we are to add is a force of 65 N at 30°...One of the methods we can use to add these vectors is to resolve each one into a pair of vectors that lay on the north-south and east-west axes. The two vectors we are to add is a force of 65 N at 30° north of east and a force of 35 N at 60° north of west. Using trigonometry, we can resolve (break down) each of these vectors into a pair of vectors that lay on the axial lines (shown in red above).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.03%3A_Motion_in_One-Dimension/9.3.04%3A_Instantaneous_VelocityIf the object is moving with constant velocity, then the instantaneous velocity at every moment, the average velocity, and the constant velocity are all the same. In the image above, the red line is t...If the object is moving with constant velocity, then the instantaneous velocity at every moment, the average velocity, and the constant velocity are all the same. In the image above, the red line is the position vs time graph and the blue line is an approximated slope for the line at t=2.5 seconds. For constant velocity motion, the slope gives the constant velocity, the average velocity, and the instantaneous velocity at every point.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/10%3A_Forces/10.02%3A_WeightThe gravitational force of the moon is one-sixth the magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth; the weight of the moon rock on the moon will be one-sixth the weight of the moon rock on the Ear...The gravitational force of the moon is one-sixth the magnitude of the gravitational force of the Earth; the weight of the moon rock on the moon will be one-sixth the weight of the moon rock on the Earth’s surface.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/10%3A_Forces/10.05%3A_FrictionThe coefficient of kinetic friction between box A and the table is 0.20. (Ignore the masses of the rope and the pulley and any friction in the pulley.) The mass of box A is 5.0 kg and the mass of box ...The coefficient of kinetic friction between box A and the table is 0.20. (Ignore the masses of the rope and the pulley and any friction in the pulley.) The mass of box A is 5.0 kg and the mass of box B is 2.0 kg. The force acting to move the system is the weight of box B, and the force resisting the movement is the force of friction between the table and box A.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/11%3A_Electricity/11.03%3A_Static_Electricity/11.3.03%3A_Electric_FieldsIf a proton is placed in a uniform electric field so that the electric force on the proton just balances its weight, what is the magnitude and direction of the field? If you determined the electric fi...If a proton is placed in a uniform electric field so that the electric force on the proton just balances its weight, what is the magnitude and direction of the field? If you determined the electric field intensity in a field using a test charge of 1.0×10 −6 C and then repeated the process with a test charge of 2.0×10 −6 C, would the forces on the charges be the same? What is the relationship between the direction of the electric field and the direction of the electric force?
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/10%3A_Forces/10.04%3A_Newton's_Third_LawIt is frequently the case that one of the objects moves as a result of the force applied but the motion of the other object in the opposite direction is not apparent. How does the horse-cart system mo...It is frequently the case that one of the objects moves as a result of the force applied but the motion of the other object in the opposite direction is not apparent. How does the horse-cart system move if the cart pulls on the horse with the same exact force and in the opposite direction as the horse pulls on the cart? (Beware, there are many misconceptions related to this example!
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/10%3A_Forces/10.06%3A_Normal_Force_and_TensionThe arrows are approximately correct for when the elevator is accelerating upward—broken arrows represent forces too large to be drawn to scale. →T is the tension in the s...The arrows are approximately correct for when the elevator is accelerating upward—broken arrows represent forces too large to be drawn to scale. →T is the tension in the supporting cable, →w is the weight of the person, →ws is the weight of the scale, →we is the weight of the elevator, →Fs is the force of the scale o…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/11%3A_Electricity/11.05%3A_Electric_Circuits/11.5.05%3A_CapacitorsThis conclusion is a result of Gauss’s Law, which tells us that the symmetry of the sphere and the fact that the electric field within the sphere is 0 forces the charge to the outside. The capacitance...This conclusion is a result of Gauss’s Law, which tells us that the symmetry of the sphere and the fact that the electric field within the sphere is 0 forces the charge to the outside. The capacitance is the voltage the capacitor can reach before it discharges, allowing the voltage across the capacitor to drop to zero and the current to cross the capacitor.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.03%3A_Motion_in_One-Dimension/9.3.05%3A_Average_AccelerationAverage acceleration, a, is defined as the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity per unit time. If the initial velocity is +15.0 m/s and 5.0 s is required to slow down to +5.0 m/s, wha...Average acceleration, a, is defined as the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity per unit time. If the initial velocity is +15.0 m/s and 5.0 s is required to slow down to +5.0 m/s, what was the car’s acceleration? Average acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, or the change in velocity per unit time. If an automobile slows from +26 m/s to +18 m/s in a period of 4.0 s, what was the average acceleration?
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.02%3A_Introduction-_Fundamentals_of_Motion-_Scientific_Overview/9.2.01%3A_Scope_of_PhysicsPhysics is the branch of science that studies the physical world, including objects as small as subatomic particles and as large as galaxies. While it is true that many physics classes focus on the eq...Physics is the branch of science that studies the physical world, including objects as small as subatomic particles and as large as galaxies. While it is true that many physics classes focus on the equations, it is important to remember that the purpose of physics is less about the problems and more about using equations, laws, and theories to understand the world we live in.
