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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Skyline/Survey_of_Physics/12%3A_Thermodynamics/12.04%3A_Introduction_to_the_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_-_Heat_Engines_and_their_EfficiencyThe two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) ...The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) It is impossible in any system for heat transfer from a reservoir to completely convert to work in a cyclical process in which the system returns to its initial state. Irreversible processes depend on path and do not return to their original state. Cyclical processes are processes that return to the
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.5%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe second law of thermodynamics states that heat transfer occurs spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_9B__Waves_Sound_Optics_Thermodynamics_and_Fluids/06%3A_Applications_of_Thermodynamics/6.04%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe one-way journey of closed systems from order to disorder, limitations of the thermal efficiency of engines, and the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine are all consequences of one of the m...The one-way journey of closed systems from order to disorder, limitations of the thermal efficiency of engines, and the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine are all consequences of one of the most important and misunderstood laws in all of physics.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/15%3A_Thermodynamics/15.03%3A_Introduction_to_the_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics_-_Heat_Engines_and_their_EfficiencyThe two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) ...The two expressions of the second law of thermodynamics are: (i) Heat transfer occurs spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature bodies but never spontaneously in the reverse direction; and (ii) It is impossible in any system for heat transfer from a reservoir to completely convert to work in a cyclical process in which the system returns to its initial state. Irreversible processes depend on path and do not return to their original state. Cyclical processes are processes that return to the
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_13.1%3A_Appendix_J-_Physics_Formulas_(Wevers)/1.08%3A_ThermodynamicsClassical thermodynamics and its statistical basis
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/Physics_9B_Fall_2020_Taufour/06%3A_Applications_of_Thermodynamics/6.04%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe one-way journey of closed systems from order to disorder, limitations of the thermal efficiency of engines, and the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine are all consequences of one of the m...The one-way journey of closed systems from order to disorder, limitations of the thermal efficiency of engines, and the impossibility of a perpetual motion machine are all consequences of one of the most important and misunderstood laws in all of physics.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/A_Physics_Formulary/Physics/08%3A_ThermodynamicsClassical thermodynamics and its statistical basis
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_II_(Raymond)/23%3A_Entropy/23.02%3A_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsIn our example we found that the number of states for the situation in which all of the internal energy of a brick is restricted to half of the brick is much less than the number of states available w...In our example we found that the number of states for the situation in which all of the internal energy of a brick is restricted to half of the brick is much less than the number of states available when no restrictions are put upon the distribution of the same amount of internal energy through the entire brick.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.2%3A_The_Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics/EntropyThe second law of thermodynamics is best expressed in terms of a change in the thermodynamic variable known as entropy, which is represented by the symbol S. Entropy, like internal energy, is a state ...The second law of thermodynamics is best expressed in terms of a change in the thermodynamic variable known as entropy, which is represented by the symbol S. Entropy, like internal energy, is a state function. This means that when a system makes a transition from one state into another, the change in entropy ΔS is independent of path and depends only on the thermodynamic variables of the two states.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Workbench/PH_245_Textbook_V2/07%3A_Module_6_-_Thermodynamics/7.02%3A_Objective_6.b./7.2.12%3A_EntropyThe second law of thermodynamics is best expressed in terms of a change in the thermodynamic variable known as entropy, which is represented by the symbol S. Entropy, like internal energy, is a state ...The second law of thermodynamics is best expressed in terms of a change in the thermodynamic variable known as entropy, which is represented by the symbol S. Entropy, like internal energy, is a state function. This means that when a system makes a transition from one state into another, the change in entropy ΔS is independent of path and depends only on the thermodynamic variables of the two states.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019v2/Book%3A_Custom_Physics_textbook_for_JJC/14%3A_Thermodynamics/14.24%3A_The_Second_Law_of_ThermodynamicsThe second law of thermodynamics states that heat transfer occurs spontaneously only from higher to lower temperature bodies.
