First, since ηc is the ratio of the magnitude of the electric field intensity to the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, the phase of the magnetic field will be shifted by \(\approx\pi/...First, since ηc is the ratio of the magnitude of the electric field intensity to the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, the phase of the magnetic field will be shifted by ≈π/4 relative to the phase of the electric field in a good conductor. The easiest way to derive this result is to work in polar form, in which −j is 1 at an angle of −π/2, and the square root operation consists of taking the square root of the magnitude and dividing the phase by 2.↩