We explore thermodynamic processes: isochoric (constant volume, no work done), isobaric (constant pressure, work done by W=−PΔV), isothermal (constant temperature, work found by integrating W=−nRTln(V...We explore thermodynamic processes: isochoric (constant volume, no work done), isobaric (constant pressure, work done by W=−PΔV), isothermal (constant temperature, work found by integrating W=−nRTln(V_f/V_i)), and adiabatic (no heat transfer, work changes internal energy). Each process has distinct energy transfer characteristics shown in PV diagrams. These concepts apply widely, from gas expansion to biological and atmospheric phenomena.
