Consider two charge-bearing particles in free space. Let the charges borne by these particles be q1 and q2 , and let R be the distance between them. If the particles bear charges of the same sign...Consider two charge-bearing particles in free space. Let the charges borne by these particles be q1 and q2 , and let R be the distance between them. If the particles bear charges of the same sign, then the particles repel; otherwise, they attract. This repulsion or attraction can be quantified as a force experienced by each particle. Physical observations reveal that the magnitude of the force is proportional to the product of charges, and inversely proportional to R2 . For particle 2 we f
