Many complex circuits cannot be analyzed with the series-parallel techniques developed previously. There are, however, two circuit analysis rules that can be used to analyze any circuit, simple or com...Many complex circuits cannot be analyzed with the series-parallel techniques developed previously. There are, however, two circuit analysis rules that can be used to analyze any circuit, simple or complex. These rules are special cases of the laws of conservation of charge and conservation of energy. The rules are known as Kirchhoff’s rules, after their inventor Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887).