where \(f\) is the frequency in Hertz, \(\nu\) is the velocity of sound in air (roughly 343 meters per second), and \(l\) is the length of the tube in meters. Pipes closed at one end will produce an o...where \(f\) is the frequency in Hertz, \(\nu\) is the velocity of sound in air (roughly 343 meters per second), and \(l\) is the length of the tube in meters. Pipes closed at one end will produce an odd harmonic sequence, that is, besides the strong fundamental they will also produce smaller amounts of three times the fundamental, five times the fundamental, seven times the fundamental and so on.
