As the phase \(\phi\) of \(\underline{\Gamma}\) varies with z and circles the diagram, the vector \(1+\underline{\Gamma}(\mathrm{z})\) varies as might an arm turning a crank, and so it is sometimes ca...As the phase \(\phi\) of \(\underline{\Gamma}\) varies with z and circles the diagram, the vector \(1+\underline{\Gamma}(\mathrm{z})\) varies as might an arm turning a crank, and so it is sometimes called the “crank diagram”. When \(|\underline{\Gamma}|<<1\) then \(|\underline{\mathrm{V}}(\mathrm{z})|\) resembles a weak sinusoid oscillating about a mean value of \(\left|\underline{V}_{+}\right|\), whereas when \(|\underline{\Gamma}| \cong 1\) then \(\mid \underline{\mathrm{V}}(\mathrm{z}) \mid\…
