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03. Using the Calculus Another Example

  • Page ID
    443
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    Another Example

    Investigate the scenario described below.

    A sports car can accelerate from rest to a speed of 40 m/s while traveling a distance of 200 m. Assume the acceleration of the car can be modeled as a decreasing linear function of time, with a maximum acceleration of 10.4 m/s2.

    pic 18.png

    Between event 1 and 2, the car's acceleration can be modeled by a generic linear function of time, or

    pic 19.png

    Since the acceleration is decreasing, the maximum value occurs at t = 0 s,

    pic 20.png

    Since we don’t know the value of the acceleration at t2, or even the value of t2, we can’t determine A, and all we can currently say about the acceleration function is that it is given by:

    pic 21.png

    Nonetheless, we can still integrate the acceleration to determine the velocity,

    pic 22.png

    Since we know v = 0 m/s when t = 0 s, we can determine the integration constant:

    pic 23.png

    We also know that v = 40 m/s at t2, so:

    pic 24.png

    This equation can’t be solved, since it involves two unknowns. However, if we can generate a second equation involving the same two unknowns, we can solve the two equations simultaneously. This second equation must involve the position function of the car:

    pic 25.png

    Since we know r = 0 when t = 0 s, we can determine the integration constant:

    pic 26.png

    We also know that r = 200 m at t2, so:

    pic 27.png

    These two equations,

    pic 28.png

    can be solved by substitution (or by using a solver). Solve the first equation for A, and substitute this expression into the second equation. This will result in a quadratic equation for t2. The solution is t2 = 7.57 s, the time for the car to reach 40 m/s. Plugging this value back into the original equations allows you to complete the description of the car’s motion.

    Paul D’Alessandris (Monroe Community College)


    This page titled 03. Using the Calculus Another Example is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Paul D'Alessandris.

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