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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/General_Physics_I%3A_Classical_Mechanics/55%3A__Earth_RotationSlight redistributions in the Earth's mass cause changes in the moment of inertia, which are reflected in slight changes in the rotation rate. And besides these short-term events, there a long-term sl...Slight redistributions in the Earth's mass cause changes in the moment of inertia, which are reflected in slight changes in the rotation rate. And besides these short-term events, there a long-term slowing of the Earth's rotation due to tidal friction, so that days are becoming gradually slower over the long term. In addition, the direction of the Earth's axis itself is moving around in a complicated way; the resulting motions of the axis, called precession and nutation, will be described here.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/03%3A_Motions_of_the_Moon_Sun_and_Stars/3.05%3A_The_Moon_in_our_SkiesThis page explores the Moon's orbit around Earth, its phases, and visibility. It distinguishes between Sidereal and Synodic months, noting that one side of the Moon always faces Earth. The phases, inc...This page explores the Moon's orbit around Earth, its phases, and visibility. It distinguishes between Sidereal and Synodic months, noting that one side of the Moon always faces Earth. The phases, including crescent and gibbous, are defined by illumination and position. It also discusses daytime visibility, the variable distance between Earth and the Moon, and cultural references to the Moon in literature and scripture.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/03%3A_Motions_of_the_Moon_Sun_and_Stars/3.02%3A_Our_Night_SkyThis page explains the concept of the Celestial Sphere, an imaginary sphere around the Earth that depicts the movement of celestial objects. It outlines how directions are determined using cardinal po...This page explains the concept of the Celestial Sphere, an imaginary sphere around the Earth that depicts the movement of celestial objects. It outlines how directions are determined using cardinal points and coordinates, highlights the significance of the North and South Celestial Poles, and discusses the Local Sky variations.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Rocky_Planets/7.09%3A_Planet_MarsThis page discusses Mars, highlighting its status as the fourth planet from the Sun, its polar caps, and water in solid form. It notes Mars' history of volcanic activity and extensive exploration by s...This page discusses Mars, highlighting its status as the fourth planet from the Sun, its polar caps, and water in solid form. It notes Mars' history of volcanic activity and extensive exploration by spacecraft. The North Polar Cap is primarily water ice and varies with seasons, while the South Polar Cap is made of carbon dioxide ice, remaining constant and smaller. These contrasting characteristics are attributed to differing polar climates, similar to those on Earth.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/02%3A_Historical_Astronomy/2.07%3A_Astronomy_and_AstrologyThis page discusses the distinction between astronomy and astrology, highlighting that while they were historically linked, scientific evidence does not support astrology's claims. Astronomy is a scie...This page discusses the distinction between astronomy and astrology, highlighting that while they were historically linked, scientific evidence does not support astrology's claims. Astronomy is a science focused on the universe, whereas astrology suggests celestial positions influence human traits and destiny.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/12%3A_Magnetism/12.04%3A_Earth_as_a_MagnetA magnetic pole is the north or south end of a magnet, where the magnet exerts the most force. However, it is called the north magnetic pole because it is close to the north geographic pole. Launch th...A magnetic pole is the north or south end of a magnet, where the magnet exerts the most force. However, it is called the north magnetic pole because it is close to the north geographic pole. Launch the PLIX Interactive below to learn more about how a compass utilizes the Earth’s magnetic field and observe what happens to a compass as you change positions on Earth: Earth acts as a giant magnet with magnetic poles and a magnetic field over which it exerts magnetic force.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Rocky_Planets/7.13%3A_Characteristics_of_the_Solar_Systems_Rocky_PlanetsThis page compares the rocky planets of our solar system: Mercury has impact craters and lacks atmosphere; Venus has extreme volcanic activity and a dense CO2 atmosphere; Earth is noted for its water ...This page compares the rocky planets of our solar system: Mercury has impact craters and lacks atmosphere; Venus has extreme volcanic activity and a dense CO2 atmosphere; Earth is noted for its water and life; Mars features large craters and potential subsurface water. Deimos and Phobos, the moons of Mars, are small, cratered, and without atmosphere. Additionally, there is a mnemonic included for remembering the planets.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/02%3A_Historical_Astronomy/2.05%3A_The_WanderersThis page explains that the term "planet" comes from the Greek word for "wanderer" and lists historically recognized planets, such as Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Earth. It notes that Me...This page explains that the term "planet" comes from the Greek word for "wanderer" and lists historically recognized planets, such as Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Earth. It notes that Mercury and Venus are seen near the Sun, while Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn exhibit retrograde motion, appearing to move backward in the sky.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/09%3A_Minor_Bodies_of_the_Solar_System/9.08%3A_Meteoroids_Meteors_and_MeteoritesThis page clarifies the differences between meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites, noting that meteoroids are smaller space materials, meteors are visible streaks in the sky, and meteorites are those th...This page clarifies the differences between meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites, noting that meteoroids are smaller space materials, meteors are visible streaks in the sky, and meteorites are those that land on celestial bodies. Additionally, it mentions Thomas Jefferson's skepticism regarding meteorites.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/07%3A_The_Rocky_Planets/7.08%3A_Earths_MoonThis page discusses the Earth-Moon system as a double planet, highlighting the Moon's significant size relative to Earth. It notes the Moon's extreme temperature variations and explains the Giant Impa...This page discusses the Earth-Moon system as a double planet, highlighting the Moon's significant size relative to Earth. It notes the Moon's extreme temperature variations and explains the Giant Impact Theory, which proposes the Moon's formation from a collision with a Mars-sized body. Furthermore, it mentions the discovery of water ice in the Moon's polar craters, estimating that the upper lunar layer holds about 32 ounces of water per ton.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/10%3A_The_Sun/10.11%3A_NASAs_Heliophysics_Science_DivisionThis page outlines NASA's Heliophysics Science Division, which focuses on studying the sun, heliosphere, and their interactions with Earth and other planets. The division examines geospace, including ...This page outlines NASA's Heliophysics Science Division, which focuses on studying the sun, heliosphere, and their interactions with Earth and other planets. The division examines geospace, including Earth's upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and magnetosphere, along with environmental changes in the heliosphere tied to Solar System weather. It operates under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Goddard Space Flight Center.
