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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/33%3A_Particle_Physics/33.04%3A_Particles_Patterns_and_Conservation_LawsAfter World War II, accelerators energetic enough to create these particles were built. Not only were predicted and known particles created, but many unexpected particles were observed. Initially call...After World War II, accelerators energetic enough to create these particles were built. Not only were predicted and known particles created, but many unexpected particles were observed. Initially called elementary particles, their numbers proliferated to dozens and then hundreds, and the term “particle zoo” became the physicist’s lament at the lack of simplicity. But patterns were observed in the particle zoo that led to simplifying ideas such as quarks, as we shall soon see.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics_(Walet)/05%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Theoretical_Particle_Physics/5.02%3A_AntiparticlesBoth the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equation have a really nasty property. Since the relativistic energy relation is quadratic, both equations have, for every positive energy solution, a negative ener...Both the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equation have a really nasty property. Since the relativistic energy relation is quadratic, both equations have, for every positive energy solution, a negative energy solution. We don’t really wish to see such things, do we? Energies are always positive and this is a real problem. The resolution is surprisingly simple, but also very profound – It requires us to look at the problem in a very different light.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics_(Walet)/05%3A_Basic_Concepts_of_Theoretical_Particle_Physics/5.03%3A_QED_-_Photon_Couples_to_e%E2%81%BAe%E2%81%BBWe know that electrons and positrons have charge and thus we need to include electrodynamics in the relativistic quantum theory of the electron. That is even more clear when we take into account that ...We know that electrons and positrons have charge and thus we need to include electrodynamics in the relativistic quantum theory of the electron. That is even more clear when we take into account that an electron and positron can annihilate by emitting two photons (the well-known 511 keV lines).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Modern_Physics/Supplemental_Modules_(Modern_Physics)/AntimatterCourse notes from a one-hour class on antimatter for upper-year liberal arts students.
