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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_1e_(OpenStax)/29%3A_The_Big_Bang/29.01%3A_The_Age_of_the_UniverseCosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern o...Cosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern observations show that the rate of expansion has not been constant throughout the life of the universe. Initially, when galaxies were close together, the effects of gravity were stronger than the effects of dark energy, and the expansion rate gradually slowed.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Relativity/Book%3A_Relativity_Lite_-_A_Pictorial_Translation_of_Einsteins_Theories_of_Motion_and_Gravity_(Straton)/01%3A_Chapters/1.05%3A_CosmologyAs Guth first proposed it, the central peak that develops in Figure \PageIndex6 has a dimple in it that would allow the universe (the ball) to remain at that central position as the universe coo...As Guth first proposed it, the central peak that develops in Figure \PageIndex6 has a dimple in it that would allow the universe (the ball) to remain at that central position as the universe cools. (The models of Linde and of Albrecht and Steinhardt have a very broad plateau, instead of a dimple, that nevertheless lets the universe stay in the false vacuum state for a long time before it “rolls off.”) The consequences of this are profound.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_2e_(OpenStax)/29%3A_The_Big_Bang/29.02%3A_The_Age_of_the_UniverseCosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern o...Cosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern observations show that the rate of expansion has not been constant throughout the life of the universe. Initially, when galaxies were close together, the effects of gravity were stronger than the effects of dark energy, and the expansion rate gradually slowed.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/A_Physics_Formulary/Physics/03%3A_RelativityGeneral and special relativity starting from the Lorentz transform to Black holes
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Modern_Physics/Book%3A_Spiral_Modern_Physics_(D'Alessandris)/8%3A_Misc_-_Semiconductors_and_Cosmology/8.2%3A_Modeling_the_Universe_(Project)Cosmology is the scientific study, and the associated mathematical models, of the universe as a whole. Amazingly, using only a few basic scientific principles one can construct a quantitative model of...Cosmology is the scientific study, and the associated mathematical models, of the universe as a whole. Amazingly, using only a few basic scientific principles one can construct a quantitative model of the universe that agrees surprisingly well with observational data. This model not only is in agreement with current observations, but makes clear predictions for the age of the universe and its future fate.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_2e_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Observing_the_Sky_-_The_Birth_of_Astronomy/2.03%3A_Ancient_AstronomyAncient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized that Earth and the Moon are spheres, and understood the phases of the Moon, but because of their inability to detect stellar parallax, they rejected the ide...Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized that Earth and the Moon are spheres, and understood the phases of the Moon, but because of their inability to detect stellar parallax, they rejected the idea that Earth moves. Eratosthenes measured the size of Earth with surprising precision. Hipparchus carried out many astronomical observations, making a star catalog, defining the system of stellar magnitudes, and discovering precession from the shift in the position of the north celestial pole
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Particle_Physics_and_Cosmology/11.07%3A_The_Big_BangThe universe is expanding like a balloon—every point is receding from every other point. Distant galaxies move away from us at a velocity proportional to its distance. This rate is measured to be appr...The universe is expanding like a balloon—every point is receding from every other point. Distant galaxies move away from us at a velocity proportional to its distance. This rate is measured to be approximately 70 km/s/Mpc. Thus, the farther galaxies are from us, the greater their speeds. These “recessional velocities” can be measure using the Doppler shift of light. According to current cosmological models, the universe began with the Big Bang approximately 13.7 billion years ago.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grossmont_College/ASTR_110%3A_Astronomy_(Fitzgerald)/02%3A_History_of_Astronomy/2.01%3A_Ancient_AstronomyAncient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized that Earth and the Moon are spheres, and understood the phases of the Moon, but because of their inability to detect stellar parallax, they rejected the ide...Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle recognized that Earth and the Moon are spheres, and understood the phases of the Moon, but because of their inability to detect stellar parallax, they rejected the idea that Earth moves. Eratosthenes measured the size of Earth with surprising precision. Hipparchus carried out many astronomical observations, making a star catalog, defining the system of stellar magnitudes, and discovering precession from the shift in the position of the north celestial pole
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grossmont_College/ASTR_110%3A_Astronomy_(Fitzgerald)/14%3A_The_Big_Bang/14.01%3A_The_Age_of_the_UniverseCosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern o...Cosmology is the study of the organization and evolution of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this is one of the key observational starting points for modern cosmological theories. Modern observations show that the rate of expansion has not been constant throughout the life of the universe. Initially, when galaxies were close together, the effects of gravity were stronger than the effects of dark energy, and the expansion rate gradually slowed.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_13.1%3A_Appendix_J-_Physics_Formulas_(Wevers)/1.03%3A_RelativityGeneral and special relativity starting from the Lorentz transform to Black holes
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Supplemental_Modules_(Astronomy_and_Cosmology)/CosmologyCosmology is the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the entir...Cosmology is the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole. It endeavors to use the scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the entire Universe. Like any field of science, cosmology involves the formation of theories or hypotheses about the universe which make specific predictions for phenomena that can be tested with observations.
