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    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book%3A_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/04%3A_Statistical_Ensembles/4.02%3A_The_Quantum_Mechanical_Trace
      Thus far our understanding of ergodicity is rooted in the dynamics of classical mechanics. A Hamiltonian flow which is ergodic is one in which time averages can be replaced by phase space averages usi...Thus far our understanding of ergodicity is rooted in the dynamics of classical mechanics. A Hamiltonian flow which is ergodic is one in which time averages can be replaced by phase space averages using the microcanonical ensemble. What happens, though, if our system is quantum mechanical, as all systems ultimately are?
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Quantum_Mechanics/Quantum_Mechanics_(Fowler)/07%3A_The_Density_Matrix/7.01%3A_The_Density_Matrix
      A density matrix is a matrix that describes a quantum system in a mixed state, a statistical ensemble of several quantum states.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Quantum_Mechanics/Quantum_Mechanics_III_(Chong)/03%3A_Quantum_Entanglement/3.06%3A_Density_Operators
      We now introduce the density operator, which helps to streamline many calculations in multi-particle quantum mechanics.
    • https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Quantum_Mechanics/Quantum_Mechanics_(Fowler)/07%3A_The_Density_Matrix
      A density matrix is a matrix that describes a quantum system in a mixed state, a statistical ensemble of several quantum states.

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