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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019v2/Book%3A_Custom_Physics_textbook_for_JJC/08%3A_Work_and_Energy/8.24%3A_Further_TopicsThermal, chemical, electric, radiant, nuclear, magnetic, elastic, sound, mechanical, luminous, and mass are forms that energy can exist in.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grossmont_College/ASTR_110%3A_Astronomy_(Fitzgerald)/09%3A_The_Sun/9.06%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_RelativitySolar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy given by the formula E=mc2.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics/Nuclear_and_Particle_Physics_(Walet)/01%3A_A_History_of_Particle_Physics/1.04%3A_Fission_and_FusionFission of radioactive elements was already well established in the early part of the century, and activation by neutrons, to generate more unstable isotopes, was investigated before fission of natura...Fission of radioactive elements was already well established in the early part of the century, and activation by neutrons, to generate more unstable isotopes, was investigated before fission of natural isotopes was seen. A very different model of the nucleus, the shell model, was designed by Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Hans Jensen in 1952, concentrating on individual nucleons.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/10%3A_The_SunThis page outlines a module on solar phenomena, covering fission and fusion concepts, the Sun's structure and functioning, and solar fusion processes such as the proton-proton cycle. It details major ...This page outlines a module on solar phenomena, covering fission and fusion concepts, the Sun's structure and functioning, and solar fusion processes such as the proton-proton cycle. It details major solar regions and features, studying methods, and emphasizes the roles of the National Solar Observatory and NASA's Heliophysics Science Division in solar research.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(2025)/03%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Universe/3.08%3A_The_Big_Bang/3.8.04%3A_The_Beginning_of_the_UniverseThe universe cools as it expands. The energy of photons is determined by their temperature, and calculations show that in the hot, early universe, photons had so much energy that when they collided wi...The universe cools as it expands. The energy of photons is determined by their temperature, and calculations show that in the hot, early universe, photons had so much energy that when they collided with one another, they could produce material particles. As the universe expanded and cooled, protons and neutrons formed first, then came electrons and positrons. Next, fusion reactions produced deuterium, helium, and lithium nuclei.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PHY_2040%3A_General_Physics_III/10%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/10.4%3A_Applications_of_Nuclear_PhysicsRadiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/6%3A_Work_and_Energy/6.8%3A_Further_TopicsThermal, chemical, electric, radiant, nuclear, magnetic, elastic, sound, mechanical, luminous, and mass are forms that energy can exist in.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/30%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/30.3%3A_Quantum_Tunneling_and_Conservation_LawsIf an object lacks enough energy to pass through a barrier, it is possible for it to “tunnel” through imaginary space to the other side.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Introduction_to_Astronomy_(Lumen)/10%3A_The_Sun/10.04%3A_How_the_Sun_WorksThis page clarifies the misconception that the sun 'burns.' Instead, it explains that the sun generates energy through the proton-proton cycle, and highlights that it takes about 100,000 years for thi...This page clarifies the misconception that the sun 'burns.' Instead, it explains that the sun generates energy through the proton-proton cycle, and highlights that it takes about 100,000 years for this energy to travel from the sun's core to its surface.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/30%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/30.4%3A_Applications_of_Nuclear_PhysicsRadiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_2e_(OpenStax)/16%3A_The_Sun-_A_Nuclear_Powerhouse/16.03%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_RelativitySolar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy (with the amount of energy given by the formula E = mc2).
