where N is the number of turns on the coil and A is the cross-sectional area of the specimen in m 2 . Upon integration of the voltage signal starting from a known initial condition (B=0 at t=0 say) on...where N is the number of turns on the coil and A is the cross-sectional area of the specimen in m 2 . Upon integration of the voltage signal starting from a known initial condition (B=0 at t=0 say) one obtains B inside the specimen corresponding to a particular value of the applied field H 0 = B 0 /µ 0 . In this way one can trace out the hysteresis loop of B vs H 0 as the specimen is saturated first in one direction and then in the other direction.
