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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Classical_Mechanics/Classical_Mechanics_(Tatum)/20%3A_Miscellaneous/20.02%3A_Surface_TensionA molecule deep within the liquid is surrounded in all directions by other molecules, and so the net force on it averages zero. A molecule on the surface experiences forces from beneath the surface, a...A molecule deep within the liquid is surrounded in all directions by other molecules, and so the net force on it averages zero. A molecule on the surface experiences forces from beneath the surface, and consequently it tends to get dragged beneath the surface. This results in as few molecules as possible remaining on the surface; i.e. it results in the surface contracting to as small an area as possible consistent with whatever other geometrical constraints may exist.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Fluid_Statics/11.08%3A_Cohesion_and_Adhesion_in_Liquids_-_Surface_Tension_and_Capillary_ActionAttractive forces between molecules of the same type are called cohesive forces. Attractive forces between molecules of different types are called adhesive forces. Cohesive forces between molecules ca...Attractive forces between molecules of the same type are called cohesive forces. Attractive forces between molecules of different types are called adhesive forces. Cohesive forces between molecules cause the surface of a liquid to contract to the smallest possible surface area. This general effect is called surface tension. Capillary action is the tendency of a fluid to be raised or suppressed in a narrow tube, or capillary tube which is due to relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Skyline/Survey_of_Physics/06%3A_Fluid_Statics/6.07%3A_Cohesion_and_Adhesion_in_Liquids_-_Surface_Tension_and_Capillary_ActionAttractive forces between molecules of the same type are called cohesive forces. Attractive forces between molecules of different types are called adhesive forces. Cohesive forces between molecules ca...Attractive forces between molecules of the same type are called cohesive forces. Attractive forces between molecules of different types are called adhesive forces. Cohesive forces between molecules cause the surface of a liquid to contract to the smallest possible surface area. This general effect is called surface tension. Capillary action is the tendency of a fluid to be raised or suppressed in a narrow tube, or capillary tube which is due to relative strengths of cohesive and adhesive forces.
