1: Elemental Beginnings- Foundations of Physics and Chemistry
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- 1.5: Using the Scientific Method
- Scientists search for answers to questions and solutions to problems by using a procedure called the scientific method. This procedure consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, and designing experiments, which in turn lead to additional observations, hypotheses, and experiments in repeated cycles
- 1.6: Limitations of the Scientific Method
- To understand the limitations in the scientific method, one must become familiar with the scientific method and its components. Many people question whether Pseudo-science should even contain the word "science" as Pseudo-science isn't really even an imitation of science; it pretty much disregards the scientific method all together. Also known as alternative or fringe-science, Pseudo-science relies on invalid arguments called sophisms, a word Webster dictionary defines as "an argument apparently correct in form but actually invalid; especially : such an argument used to deceive". Pseudo-science usually lacks supporting evidence and does not abide by the scientific method. That is, pseudo-theories fail to use carefully cultivated and controlled experiments to test a hypothesis. A scientific hypothesis must include observable, empirical and testable data, and must allow other experts to test the hypothesis. Pseudo-science does not accomplish these goals. Several examples of Pseudo-Science include phrenology, astrology, homeopathy, reflexology and iridology.