Chapter 17: Useful Information
- Page ID
- 46261
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This appendix is broken into several tables.
- Table \(\PageIndex{1}\), Important Constants
- Table \(\PageIndex{2}\), Submicroscopic Masses
- Table \(\PageIndex{3}\), Solar System Data
- Table \(\PageIndex{4}\), Metric Prefixes for Powers of Ten and Their Symbols
- Table \(\PageIndex{5}\), The Greek Alphabet
- Table \(\PageIndex{6}\), SI units
- Table \(\PageIndex{7}\), Selected British Units
- Table \(\PageIndex{8}\), Other Units
- Table \(\PageIndex{9}\), Useful Formulae
Symbol | Meaning | Best Value | Approximate Value |
---|---|---|---|
\(c\) |
Speed of light in vacuum | \(2.99792458 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) | \(3.00 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) |
\(G\) |
Gravitational constant | \(6.67430(15) \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{kg}^{2}\) | \(6.67 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{kg}^{2}\) |
\(N_{A}\) |
Avogadro’s number | \(6.02214076 \times 10^{23}\) | \(6.02 \times 10^{23}\) |
\(k\) |
Boltzmann’s constant | \(1.380649 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{K}\) | \(1.38 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{K}\) |
\(R\) |
Gas constant | \(8.314462618 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K}\) | \(8.31 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot \mathrm{K}\) |
\(\sigma\) |
Stefan-Boltzmann constant | \(5.670374419 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\) | \(5.67 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\) |
\(k\) |
Coulomb force constant | \(8.9875517923(13) \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{C}^{2}\) | \(8.99 \times 10^{9} \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{C}^{2}\) |
\(e\) |
Elementary charge | \(1.602176634 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\) | \(1.60 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\) |
\(\varepsilon_{0}\) |
Permittivity of free space | \(8.8541878128(13) \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{C}^{2} / \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) | \(8.85 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{C}^{2} / \mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2}\) |
\(\mu_{0}\) |
Permeability of free space | \(4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \mathrm{~T} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{A}\) | \(1.26 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{~T} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{A}\) |
\(h\) |
Planck’s constant | \(6.62607015 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}\) | \(6.63 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \cdot \mathrm{s}\) |
Symbol | Meaning | Best Value | Approximate Value |
---|---|---|---|
\(m_{e}\) |
Electron mass | \(9.1093837015(28) \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}\) | \(9.11 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{~kg}\) |
\(m_{p}\) |
Proton mass | \(1.67262192369(51) \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) | \(1.67 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) |
\(m_{n}\) |
Neutron mass | \(1.67492749804(95) \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) | \(1.67 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) |
\(u\) |
Atomic mass unit | \(1.66053906660(50) \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) | \(1.66 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\) |
Footnotes
- 1 Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (2018 values). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.
- 2 Stated values are according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, www.physics.nist.gov/cuu (2018 values). Values in parentheses are the uncertainties in the last digits. Numbers without uncertainties are exact as defined.