6: Miscellaneous Applications
- Page ID
- 134601
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 6.1: Bass-Reflex Enclosure Design
- This page covers the design and acoustic principles of bass-reflex loudspeaker enclosures, highlighting the importance of tuning ports for low-frequency response and the formation of Helmholtz resonators. It explains resonance frequency calculations, filter alignment techniques (Butterworth, quasi-Butterworth, and Chebyshev), and relevant acoustic parameters such as compliance and air-leak loss.
- 6.2: Polymer-Film Acoustic Filters
- This page covers the principles of acoustic filters used in devices like mufflers and loudspeakers, focusing on how sound waves interact with multilayer air/polymer media. It discusses frequency, impedance, and intensity in filter design and the influence of high-intensity ultrasonic waves, including parametric array effects and radiation pressure, on audio extraction.
- 6.3: Noise in Hydraulic Systems
- This page explores noise issues in hydraulic systems, particularly from pumps, and categorizes them into fluidborne and structureborne noise. It discusses strategies for noise reduction, emphasizing design modifications in components like hoses and valves for optimization. The use of computer-based models is highlighted, alongside a figure depicting noise generation and transmission domains.
- 6.4: Noise from Cooling Fans
- This page examines the noise generation mechanisms of small axial cooling fans in electronic devices, focusing on sources such as aerodynamic effects and fan blade interactions. It details various noise types, including blade thickness noise, tonal noise, and noise from flow separation. Additionally, it discusses installation impacts on fan acoustics and concludes with the limitations of noise reduction strategies, providing references for further study.
- 6.5: Piezoelectric Transducers
- This page covers piezoelectricity, explaining how specific crystals like quartz and perovskite generate electric charges when stressed. It highlights the necessity for non-centrosymmetric structures and outlines the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics, including resonance effects and dynamic performance. The page also addresses limitations in low-rate applications and lists various uses of ultrasonic transducers, such as welding, atomization, and non-destructive testing.
- 6.6: Generation and Propagation of Thunder
- This page explains that thunder is the sound created by lightning, which can range from sharp cracks to low rumbles depending on the type of lightning and the listener's distance. This phenomenon occurs due to the rapid expansion of air caused by high-pressure and temperature from lightning, forming a shock wave.