10.2: Permeability of Some Common Materials
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The values below are relative permeability μr≜μ/μ0 for a few materials that are commonly encountered in electrical engineering applications, and for which μr is significantly different from 1. These materials are predominantly ferromagnetic metals and (in the case of ferrites) materials containing significant ferromagnetic metal content. Nearly all other materials exhibit μr that is not significantly different from that of free space.
The values presented here are gathered from a variety of references, including those indicated in “Additional References” at the end of this section. Be aware that permeability may vary significantly with frequency; values given here are applicable to the frequency ranges for applications in which these materials are typically used. Also be aware that materials exhibiting high permeability are also typically non-linear; that is, permeability depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field. Again, values reported here are those applicable to applications in which these materials are typically used.