39.4: Procedures

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You will build and sketch several models of molecules.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Sketch of a model of Methane molecule

Note

Molecules that contain carbon may have more than one structure possible.
Triangle and square structures are usually not valid.

Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): Triangle and square structures

Draw a table in which to record information about each molecule that contains only single bonds. Do not fill in data until you have read the instructions for obtaining that data.

Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Single Bonds
	Molecule Name	Molecular Formula	Symmetric (yes or no)	Polar (yes or no)
a.	Hydrogen	\(\ce{H2}\)	yes	no
b.	Bromine	\(\ce{Br2}\)
c.	Water	\(\ce{H2O}\)
d.	Hydrogen Chloride	\(\ce{HCl}\)
e.	Hydrogen Bromide	\(\ce{HBr}\)
f.	Hydrogen Peroxide	\(\ce{H2O2}\)
g.	Iodine Chloride	\(\ce{ICl}\)
h.	Methane	\(\ce{CH4}\)
i.	Dichloromethane	\(\ce{CH2Cl2}\)

Build each molecule in the “Single Bonds” table. Sketch the molecule (remember to label it); attempt to show any three dimensional structure. You may use colored pencils, but you should also include the element symbols in your circles. Look at your model and determine whether it is symmetric (yes or no). Analyze the structure to determine whether the molecule would be polar (yes or no). Record your answers in your single bonds data table.
Draw a table in which to record information for molecules containing double bonds. Repeat the same process for these molecules as you followed for the single bond molecules.

Table \(\PageIndex{2}\): Double Bonds
	Molecule Name	Molecular Formula
j.	Oxygen	\(\ce{O2}\)
k.	Ethylene	\(\ce{C2H4}\)
l.	Nitroxyl	\(\ce{HNO}\)
m.	Nitrous Acid	\(\ce{HONO}\)
n.	Formaldehyde	\(\ce{H2CO}\)
o.	Formic Acid	\(\ce{HCOOH}\)
p.	Chloroethene (vinyl)	\(\ce{C2H3Cl}\)
q.	Carbon Monoxide	\(\ce{CO}\)
r.	Carbon Dioxide	\(\ce{CO2}\)
s.	CycloPropene	\(\ce{C3H4}\)

Draw a table in which to record information for molecules containing triple bonds, and repeat the process. Also draw a table in which to record information for some common molecules, and repeat the process.

Table \(\PageIndex{3}\): Triple Bond
	Molecule Name	Molecular Formula
t.	Nitrogen	\(\ce{N2}\)
u.	Acetylene	\(\ce{C2H2}\)
v.	Cyanic Acid	\(\ce{HOCN}\)

Table \(\PageIndex{4}\): Common Substances
	Molecule Name	Molecular Formula
w.	Ozone	\(\ce{O3}\)
x.	Ammonia	\(\ce{NH3}\)
y.	Ethanol	\(\ce{C2H6O}\)
z.	Acetic acid	\(\ce{C2H4O2}\)
	Benzene	\(\ce{C6H6}\)

Contributors and Attributions

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