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16.11: The Chemical Elements (Appendix K)

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    Table K1: The Chemical Elements
    Element Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Weight1 Percentage of Naturally Occurring Elements in the Universe
    Hydrogen H 1 1.008 75
    Helium He 2 4.003 23
    Lithium Li 3 6.94 6 × 10−7
    Beryllium Be 4 9.012 1 × 10−7
    Boron B 5 10.821 1 × 10−7
    Carbon C 6 12.011 0.5
    Nitrogen N 7 14.007 0.1
    Oxygen O 8 15.999 1
    Fluorine F 9 18.998 4 × 10−5
    Neon Ne 10 20.180 0.13
    Sodium Na 11 22.990 0.002
    Magnesium Mg 12 24.305 0.06
    Aluminum Al 13 26.982 0.005
    Silicon Si 14 28.085 0.07
    Phosphorus P 15 30.974 7 × 10−4
    Sulfur S 16 32.06 0.05
    Chlorine Cl 17 35.45 1 × 10−4
    Argon Ar 18 39.948 0.02
    Potassium K 19 39.098 3 × 10−4
    Calcium Ca 20 40.078 0.007
    Scandium Sc 21 44.956 3 × 10−6
    Titanium Ti 22 47.867 3 × 10−4
    Vanadium V 23 50.942 3 × 10−4
    Chromium Cr 24 51.996 0.0015
    Manganese Mn 25 54.938 8 × 10−4
    Iron Fe 26 55.845 0.11
    Cobalt Co 27 58.933 3 × 10−4
    Nickel Ni 28 58.693 0.006
    Copper Cu 29 63.546 6 × 10−6
    Zinc Zn 30 65.38 3 × 10−5
    Gallium Ga 31 69.723 1 × 10−6
    Germanium Ge 32 72.630 2 × 10−5
    Arsenic As 33 74.922 8 × 10−7
    Selenium Se 34 78.971 3 × 10−6
    Bromine Br 35 79.904 7 × 10−7
    Krypton Kr 36 83.798 4 × 10−6
    Rubidium Rb 37 85.468 1 × 10−6
    ’Strontium Sr 38 87.62 4 × 10−6
    Yttrium Y 39 88.906 7 × 10−7
    Zirconium Zr 40 91.224 5 × 10−6
    Niobium Nb 41 92.906 2 × 10−7
    Molybdenum Mo 42 95.95 5 × 10−7
    Technetium Tc 43 (98) —
    Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07 4 × 10−7
    Rhodium Rh 45 102.906 6 × 10−8
    Palladium Pd 46 106.42 2 × 10−7
    Silver Ag 47 107.868 6 × 10−8
    Cadmium Cd 48 112.414 2 × 10−7
    Indium In 49 114.818 3 × 10−8
    Tin Sn 50 118.710 4 × 10−7
    Antimony Sb 51 121.760 4 × 10−8
    Tellurium Te 52 127.60 9 × 10−7
    Iodine I 53 126.904 1 × 10−7
    Xenon Xe 54 131.293 1 × 10−6
    Cesium Cs 55 132.905 8 × 10−8
    Barium Ba 56 137.327 1 × 10−6
    Lanthanum La 57 138.905 2 × 10−7
    Cerium Ce 58 140.116 1 × 10−6
    Praseodymium Pr 59 140.907 2 × 10−7
    Neodymium Nd 60 144.242 1 × 10−6
    Promethium Pm 61 (145) —
    Samarium Sm 62 150.36 5 × 10−7
    Europium Eu 63 151.964 5 × 10−8
    Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 2 × 10−7
    Terbium Tb 65 158.925 5 × 10−8
    Dysprosium Dy 66 162.500 2 × 10−7
    Holmium Ho 67 164.930 5 × 10−8
    Erbium Er 68 167.259 2 × 10−7
    Thulium Tm 69 168.934 1 × 10−8
    Ytterbium Yb 70 173.054 2 × 10−7
    Lutetium Lu 71 174.967 1 × 10−8
    Hafnium Hf 72 178.49 7 × 10−8
    Tantalum Ta 73 180.948 8 × 10−9
    Tungsten W 74 183.84 5 × 10−8
    Rhenium Re 75 186.207 2 × 10−8
    Osmium Os 76 190.23 3 × 10−7
    Iridium Ir 77 192.217 2 × 10−7
    Platinum Pt 78 195.084 5 × 10−7
    Gold Au 79 196.967 6 × 10−8
    Mercury Hg 80 200.592 1 × 10−7
    Thallium TI 81 204.38 5 × 10−8
    Lead Pb 82 207.2 1 × 10−6
    Bismuth Bi 83 208.980 7 × 10−8
    Polonium Po 84 (209) —
    Astatine At 85 (210) —
    Radon Rn 86 (222) —
    Francium Fr 87 (223) —
    Radium Ra 88 (226) —
    Actinium Ac 89 (227) —
    Thorium Th 90 232.038 4 × 10−8
    Protactinium Pa 91 231.036 —
    Uranium U 92 238.029 2 × 10−8
    Neptunium Np 93 (237) —
    Plutonium Pu 94 (244) —
    Americium Am 95 (243) —
    Curium Cm 96 (247) —
    Berkelium Bk 97 (247) —
    Californium Cf 98 (251) —
    Einsteinium Es 99 (252) —
    Fermium Fm 100 (257) —
    Mendelevium Md 101 (258) —
    Nobelium No 102 (259) —
    Lawrencium Lr 103 (262) —
    Rutherfordium Rf 104 (267) —
    Dubnium Db 105 (268) —
    Seaborgium Sg 106 (271) —
    Bohrium Bh 107 (272) —
    Hassium Hs 108 (270) —
    Meitnerium Mt 109 (276) —
    Darmstadtium Ds 110 (281) —
    Roentgenium Rg 111 (280) —
    Copernicium Cn 112 (285) —
    Nihonium Nh 113 (284) —
    Flerovium Fl 114 (289) —
    Moskovium Mc 115 (288) —
    Livermorium Lv 116 (293) —
    Tennessine Ts 117 (294) —
    Oganesson Og 118 (294) —

    Footnotes

    • 1Where mean atomic weights have not been well determined, the atomic mass numbers of the most stable isotopes are given in parentheses.

    This page titled 16.11: The Chemical Elements (Appendix K) was last modified on Wed, 21 May 2025 17:12:50 GMT and is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.