4.10.1: Introduction
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Microphones come in two basic varieties: omni-directional and directional. Omni microphones pick up sounds from all directions equally well whereas directional microphones favor certain regions. Directional microphones are further broken down in the categories cardioid, super-cardioid, hyper-cardioid, and figure-eight. Cardiod directional microphones favor sounds directly in front of the microphone while rejecting sounds that are off the main axis, while figure-eight (or dipole) reject sounds at 90 degrees to the main axis.