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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019/Book%3A_Physics_(Boundless)/13%3A_Thermodynamics/13.1%3A_The_First_Law_of_Thermodynamics/Thermodynamic_SystemsA thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment t...A thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment through a boundary, which is the imagined wall that separates the system and the environment. In reality, the immediate surroundings of the system are interacting with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Workbench/PH_245_Textbook_V2/07%3A_Module_6_-_Thermodynamics/7.02%3A_Objective_6.b./7.2.01%3A_Thermodynamic_SystemsA thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment t...A thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment through a boundary, which is the imagined wall that separates the system and the environment. In reality, the immediate surroundings of the system are interacting with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/A_Physics_Formulary/Physics/07%3A_Statistical_PhysicsStatistical mechanics including molecular interactions
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_13.1%3A_Appendix_J-_Physics_Formulas_(Wevers)/1.07%3A_Statistical_PhysicsStatistical mechanics including molecular interactions
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/General_Physics_I%3A_Classical_Mechanics/52%3A_Fluid_Dynamics/52.10%3A_GasesThe ideal gas law is an equation of state for the gas; it assumes the gas is "ideal" — that is, the atoms making up the gas are of negligible size, and that the atoms to not interact with each other c...The ideal gas law is an equation of state for the gas; it assumes the gas is "ideal" — that is, the atoms making up the gas are of negligible size, and that the atoms to not interact with each other chemically (only through collisions). Other equations of state may be used, such as the van der Waals equation of state, that takes into account the finite size of the atoms or molecules making up the gas, and the intermolecular forces between nearby molecules:
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_I_(2211)/12%3A_Temperature_and_Heat/12.11%3A_Thermodynamic_SystemsFor example, if we are studying a car engine, the burning gasoline inside the cylinder of the engine is the thermodynamic system; the piston, exhaust system, radiator, and air outside form the surroun...For example, if we are studying a car engine, the burning gasoline inside the cylinder of the engine is the thermodynamic system; the piston, exhaust system, radiator, and air outside form the surroundings of the system. The zeroth law of thermodynamics is equally applicable to the different parts of a closed system and requires that the temperature everywhere inside the system be the same if the system has reached a thermal equilibrium.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/03%3A_The_First_Law_of_Thermodynamics/3.02%3A_Thermodynamic_SystemsA thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment t...A thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment through a boundary, which is the imagined wall that separates the system and the environment. In reality, the immediate surroundings of the system are interacting with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/Physics_201_-_Fall_2019v2/Book%3A_Custom_Physics_textbook_for_JJC/14%3A_Thermodynamics/14.02%3A_Thermodynamic_SystemsA thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment t...A thermodynamic system includes anything whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. It is embedded in its surroundings or environment; it can exchange heat with, and do work on, its environment through a boundary, which is the imagined wall that separates the system and the environment. In reality, the immediate surroundings of the system are interacting with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Heat_and_Thermodynamics_(Tatum)/02%3A_Partial_Derivatives/2.05%3A_Second_Derivatives_and_Exact_DifferentialsIf z=z(x,y), we can go through the motions of calculating ∂z∂x and ∂z∂y, and we can then further calculate the second derivatives \(...If z=z(x,y), we can go through the motions of calculating ∂z∂x and ∂z∂y, and we can then further calculate the second derivatives ∂2z∂x2, ∂2x∂y2, ∂2z∂y∂x and ∂2z∂y∂x.
