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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)The idea for a “radically modern” introductory physics course arose out of frustration with the standard two-semester treatment of the subject. It is basically impossible to incorporate a significant ...The idea for a “radically modern” introductory physics course arose out of frustration with the standard two-semester treatment of the subject. It is basically impossible to incorporate a significant amount of “modern physics” (meaning post-19th century!) in that format. The authors feel that an introductory physics course for non-majors should make an attempt to cover the great accomplishments of physics in the 20th century, since they form such an important part of our scientific culture.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/07%3A_Matter_Waves/7.07%3A_ProblemsThe probability for an electron to pass through either one of the slits and reach point A on the screen is P, assuming that the other slit is blocked. If there are two slits open, what is the probabil...The probability for an electron to pass through either one of the slits and reach point A on the screen is P, assuming that the other slit is blocked. If there are two slits open, what is the probability for an electron to reach point A according to the conventional rule that probabilities add? (This is the result one would expect if, for instance, the particles were machine gun bullets and the slits were, say, 5 cm apart.)
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/09%3A_Symmetry_and_Bound_States
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/01%3A_Waves_in_One_DimensionThe purpose of this section is to describe the kinematics of waves, i. e., to provide tools for describing the form and motion of all waves irrespective of their underlying physical mechanisms. You un...The purpose of this section is to describe the kinematics of waves, i. e., to provide tools for describing the form and motion of all waves irrespective of their underlying physical mechanisms. You undoubtedly know about ocean waves and have probably played with a stretched slinky toy, producing undulations which move rapidly along the slinky. In this chapter we learn first about the basic properties of waves and introduce a special type of wave called the sine wave.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_II_(Raymond)/23%3A_Entropy/23.05%3A_Specific_HeatRecall that the specific heat is the heat required per unit mass to increase the temperature of the brick by one degree. Thus, if the mass of the brick is \(M = Nm\) where m is the mass per oscillator...Recall that the specific heat is the heat required per unit mass to increase the temperature of the brick by one degree. Thus, if the mass of the brick is \(M = Nm\) where m is the mass per oscillator, then the predicted specific heat of the brick is \[C \equiv \frac{1}{M} \frac{d Q}{d T} \approx \frac{1}{M} \frac{d E}{d T}=\frac{k_{B}}{m} \quad \text { (specific heat of harmonic oscillators). }\label{23.23}\]
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/08%3A_Geometrical_Optics_and_Newtons_Laws/8.03%3A_Work_and_PowerThe work is positive if the object being acted upon moves in the same direction as the force, with negative work occurring if the object moves opposite to the force. Thus, when F is the only force, \(...The work is positive if the object being acted upon moves in the same direction as the force, with negative work occurring if the object moves opposite to the force. Thus, when F is the only force, \(W=W_{\text {total }}\) is the total work on the object, and this equals the change in kinetic energy of the object.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_II_(Raymond)/13%3A_Newtons_Law_of_GravitationThe notion of a test mass and the gravitational field is developed, followed by the idea of gravitational flux. We then learn how to compute the gravitational field from more than one mass, and in par...The notion of a test mass and the gravitational field is developed, followed by the idea of gravitational flux. We then learn how to compute the gravitational field from more than one mass, and in particular from extended bodies with spherical symmetry. We finally examine Kepler’s laws and learn how these laws and the conservation laws for energy and angular momentum may be used to solve problems in orbital dynamics.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/08%3A_Geometrical_Optics_and_Newtons_Laws/8.04%3A_Mechanics_and_Geometrical_OpticsThe above equation can be transformed into the total energy equation for a free, non-relativistic particle, \(\mathrm{E}=\mathrm{mc}^{2}+\mathrm{K}\), where \(\mathrm{mc}^{2}\) is the rest energy and ...The above equation can be transformed into the total energy equation for a free, non-relativistic particle, \(\mathrm{E}=\mathrm{mc}^{2}+\mathrm{K}\), where \(\mathrm{mc}^{2}\) is the rest energy and \(K\) is the kinetic energy, by multiplying by \(\hbar\). We can apply the principles of classical mechanics to get the force and the acceleration of the particle, from which we can derive the motion.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/01%3A_Waves_in_One_Dimension/1.02%3A_Sine_Waveswhere h is the displacement (which can be either longitudinal or transverse), h 0 is the maximum displacement, also called the amplitude of the wave, and λ is the wavelength. The crest and the trough ...where h is the displacement (which can be either longitudinal or transverse), h 0 is the maximum displacement, also called the amplitude of the wave, and λ is the wavelength. The crest and the trough of a wave are the locations of the maximum and minimum displacements, as seen in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\):. The difference in the phase of a wave at fixed time over a distance of one wavelength is \(2 \pi\), as is the difference in phase at fixed position over a time interval of one wave period.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/08%3A_Geometrical_Optics_and_Newtons_Laws/8.01%3A_Fundamental_Principles_of_DynamicsEinstein’s relativity is often viewed as a repudiation of Newton, but this is far from the truth — Newtonian physics makes the theory of relativity possible through its invention of the principle of r...Einstein’s relativity is often viewed as a repudiation of Newton, but this is far from the truth — Newtonian physics makes the theory of relativity possible through its invention of the principle of relativity. When wavelengths are small compared to the natural length scale of the problem at hand, the wave packets can be made small, thus pinpointing the position of the associated particle, without generating excessive uncertainty in the particle’s momentum.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Radically_Modern_Introductory_Physics_Text_I_(Raymond)/11%3A_Rotational_Dynamics/11.06%3A_New_PageThe sum in the equation for the moment of inertia can be converted to an integral for a continuous distribution of mass. For rotation of a sphere of mass M and radius R about an axis piercing its cent...The sum in the equation for the moment of inertia can be converted to an integral for a continuous distribution of mass. For rotation of a sphere of mass M and radius R about an axis piercing its center: \(I=2 M R^{2} / 5\). For rotation of a cylinder of mass M and radius R about its axis of symmetry: \(I=M R^{2} / 2\). For rotation of an annulus of mass M, inner radius R a , and outer radius R b about its axis of symmetry: \(I=M\left(R_{a}^{2}+R_{b}^{2}\right) / 2\).