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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PHY_2040%3A_General_Physics_III/07%3A__Special_Relativity/7.3%3A_Relativistic_QuantitiesA velocity-addition formula is an equation that relates the velocities of moving objects in different reference frames.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grossmont_College/ASTR_110%3A_Astronomy_(Fitzgerald)/09%3A_The_Sun/9.06%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_RelativitySolar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy given by the formula E=mc2.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/12%3A__Nuclear_Physics/12.04%3A_Nuclear_ReactionsThe positron 01e is emitted with the neutrino ν, and the neutron remains in the nucleus. (Like β− decay, the positron does not precede the decay but is produced in the decay.) For...The positron 01e is emitted with the neutrino ν, and the neutron remains in the nucleus. (Like β− decay, the positron does not precede the decay but is produced in the decay.) For an isolated proton, this process is impossible because the neutron is heavier than the proton.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PHY_2040%3A_General_Physics_III/10%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/10.4%3A_Applications_of_Nuclear_PhysicsRadiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/31%3A_Radioactivity_and_Nuclear_Physics/31.04%3A_Nuclear_Decay_and_Conservation_LawsNuclear decay has provided an amazing window into the realm of the very small. Nuclear decay gave the first indication of the connection between mass and energy, and it revealed the existence of two o...Nuclear decay has provided an amazing window into the realm of the very small. Nuclear decay gave the first indication of the connection between mass and energy, and it revealed the existence of two of the four basic forces in nature. In this section, we explore the major modes of nuclear decay; and, like those who first explored them, we will discover evidence of previously unknown particles and conservation laws.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/30%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/30.2%3A_RadioactivityDetectable amounts of radioactive material occurs naturally in soil, rocks, water, air, and vegetation.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/11%3A_Particle_Physics_and_Cosmology/11.02%3A_Introduction_to_Particle_PhysicsThe four fundamental forces of nature are, in order of strength: strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravitational. Quarks interact via the strong force, but leptons do not. Both quark ...The four fundamental forces of nature are, in order of strength: strong nuclear, electromagnetic, weak nuclear, and gravitational. Quarks interact via the strong force, but leptons do not. Both quark and leptons interact via the electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces. Elementary particles are classified into fermions and boson. Fermions have half-integral spin and obey the exclusion principle. Bosons have integral spin and do not obey this principle.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/12%3A__Nuclear_Physics/12.05%3A_Nuclear_ReactionsEarly experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to pen...Early experiments revealed three types of nuclear “rays” or radiation: alpha (α) rays, beta (β) rays, and gamma (γ) rays. These three types of radiation are differentiated by their ability to penetrate matter. Alpha radiation is barely able to pass through a thin sheet of paper. Beta radiation can penetrate aluminum to a depth of about 3 mm, and gamma radiation can penetrate lead to a depth of 2 or more centimeters.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/29%3A_Atomic_Physics/29.3%3A_Atomic_Physics_and_Quantum_MechanicsExplain relationship between the wave nature of matter and the quantization of energy levels in bound systems
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/30%3A_Nuclear_Physics_and_Radioactivity/30.4%3A_Applications_of_Nuclear_PhysicsRadiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, cancer, and blood disorders.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Astronomy__Cosmology/Astronomy_2e_(OpenStax)/16%3A_The_Sun-_A_Nuclear_Powerhouse/16.03%3A_Mass_Energy_and_the_Theory_of_RelativitySolar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form he...Solar energy is produced by interactions of particles—that is, protons, neutrons, electrons, positrons, and neutrinos. Specifically, the source of the Sun’s energy is the fusion of hydrogen to form helium. The series of reactions required to convert hydrogen to helium is called the proton-proton chain. A helium atom is about 0.71% less massive than the four hydrogen atoms that combine to form it, and that lost mass is converted to energy (with the amount of energy given by the formula E = mc2).
