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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Muhlenberg_College/Physics_122%3A_General_Physics_II_(Collett)/06%3A_Direct-Current_Circuits/6.02%3A_Electromotive_ForceAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potenti...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The emf is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance r of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Grand_Rapids_Community_College/PH246_Calculus_Physics_II_(2025)/06%3A_Direct-Current_Circuits/6.02%3A_Electromotive_ForceAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potenti...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The emf is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance r of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/06%3A_Resistive_Networks/6.01%3A_Electromotive_ForceEntering the given values for the emf, load resistance, and internal resistance into the expression above yields \[I = \frac{\epsilon}{R + r} = \frac{12.00 \, V}{10.10 \, \Omega} = 1.188 \, A.\] Enter...Entering the given values for the emf, load resistance, and internal resistance into the expression above yields \[I = \frac{\epsilon}{R + r} = \frac{12.00 \, V}{10.10 \, \Omega} = 1.188 \, A.\] Enter the known values into the equation\(V_{terminal} = \epsilon - Ir\) to get the terminal voltage: \[V_{terminal} = \epsilon - Ir = 12.00 \, V - (1.188 \, A)(0.100 \, \Omega) = 11.90 \, V.\] The terminal voltage here is only slightly lower than the emf, implying that the current drawn by this light l…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Bowdoin_College/Phys1140%3A_Introductory_Physics_II%3A_Part_1/05%3A_Direct_Current_Circuits/5.02%3A_Electromotive_ForceAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potenti...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The emf is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance r of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/06%3A_Resistive_Networks/6.01%3A_Electromotive_ForceEntering the given values for the emf, load resistance, and internal resistance into the expression above yields \[I = \frac{\epsilon}{R + r} = \frac{12.00 \, V}{10.10 \, \Omega} = 1.188 \, A.\] Enter...Entering the given values for the emf, load resistance, and internal resistance into the expression above yields \[I = \frac{\epsilon}{R + r} = \frac{12.00 \, V}{10.10 \, \Omega} = 1.188 \, A.\] Enter the known values into the equation\(V_{terminal} = \epsilon - Ir\) to get the terminal voltage: \[V_{terminal} = \epsilon - Ir = 12.00 \, V - (1.188 \, A)(0.100 \, \Omega) = 11.90 \, V.\] The terminal voltage here is only slightly lower than the emf, implying that the current drawn by this light l…
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/06%3A_Direct-Current_(DC)_Resistor_Circuits/6.02%3A_Source_VoltageAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a source voltage and an internal resistance. The source voltage is the work done per charge to keep the potential...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a source voltage and an internal resistance. The source voltage is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The source voltage is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Joliet_Junior_College/PHYS202_-_JJC_-_Testing/11%3A_Chapter_11/11.02%3A_Electromotive_ForceAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potenti...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The emf is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance r of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Direct-Current_Circuits/10.02%3A_Electromotive_ForceAll voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potenti...All voltage sources have two fundamental parts: a source of electrical energy that has a electromotive force (emf) and an internal resistance r. The emf is the work done per charge to keep the potential difference of a source constant. The emf is equal to the potential difference across the terminals when no current is flowing. The internal resistance r of a voltage source affects the output voltage when a current flows. The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage.
