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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Physics_II_(2212)/12%3A_Atomic_Structure/12.06%3A_LasersLaser light is coherent because all light waves in laser light share the same frequency (color) and the same phase (any two points of along a line perpendicular to the direction of motion are on the “...Laser light is coherent because all light waves in laser light share the same frequency (color) and the same phase (any two points of along a line perpendicular to the direction of motion are on the “same part” of the wave”). Reflected light is interpreted as a “1” and unreflected light is interpreted as a “0.” The resulting digital signal is converted into an analog signal, and the analog signal is fed into an amplifier that powers a device such as a pair of headphones.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/College_Physics/College_Physics_1e_(OpenStax)/30%3A_Atomic_Physics/30.05%3A_Applications_of_Atomic_Excitations_and_De-ExcitationsMany properties of matter and phenomena in nature are directly related to atomic energy levels and their associated excitations and de-excitations. The color of a rose, the output of a laser, and the ...Many properties of matter and phenomena in nature are directly related to atomic energy levels and their associated excitations and de-excitations. The color of a rose, the output of a laser, and the transparency of air are but a few examples. While it may not appear that glow-in-the-dark pajamas and lasers have much in common, they are in fact different applications of similar atomic de-excitations.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_III_-_Optics_and_Modern_Physics_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Atomic_Structure/8.07%3A_LasersA laser is device that emits coherent and monochromatic light. Laser light is produced by population inversion and subsequent de-excitation of electrons in a material (solid, liquid, or gas). When a p...A laser is device that emits coherent and monochromatic light. Laser light is produced by population inversion and subsequent de-excitation of electrons in a material (solid, liquid, or gas). When a photon of energy triggers an electron in a metastable state to drop in energy emitting an additional photon, it provokes stimulated emission.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetism/Electromagnetics_and_Applications_(Staelin)/12%3A_Optical_Communications/12.03%3A_LasersThis page explains the functioning of lasers, including their reliance on quantum processes for coherent light generation and the importance of population inversion. It addresses the efficiency of thr...This page explains the functioning of lasers, including their reliance on quantum processes for coherent light generation and the importance of population inversion. It addresses the efficiency of three- and four-level lasers, challenges in building high-energy lasers, and concepts such as laser oscillators and diodes. The text also covers the impact of resonant frequencies, line broadening effects, and molecular collisions on laser operations.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PHY_2040%3A_General_Physics_III/09%3A_Atomic_Physics/9.4%3A_Applications_of_Atomic_PhysicsAn electron microscope is a microscope that uses an electron beam to create an image of the target.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/A_Physics_Formulary/Physics/11%3A_Plasma_physicsPlasma physics, Boltzmann transport equation, collisional dynamics
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/07%3A_Lasers/7.04%3A_AmplificationAmplification can be achieved by a medium with atomic resonances that are at or close to one of the resonances of the resonator. We first recall the simple theory developed by Einstein in 1916 of the ...Amplification can be achieved by a medium with atomic resonances that are at or close to one of the resonances of the resonator. We first recall the simple theory developed by Einstein in 1916 of the dynamic equilibrium of a material in the presence of electromagnetic radiation.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/Physics_(Boundless)/29%3A_Atomic_Physics/29.4%3A_Applications_of_Atomic_PhysicsAn electron microscope is a microscope that uses an electron beam to create an image of the target.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_State_University/GSU-TM-Introductory_Physics_II_(1112)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/10%3A_13.1%3A_Appendix_J-_Physics_Formulas_(Wevers)/1.11%3A_Plasma_physicsPlasma physics, Boltzmann transport equation, collisional dynamics
