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3.5: End of Chapter Key Terms

Last updated

Sep 4, 2024
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- 3.4: End of Chapter Activity
- 4: Forces

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Definition: Motion

Motion: The change in position of an object over time.
Displacement: The change in position of an object from its initial point to its final point, taking into account direction; measured in meters (m).
Distance: The total length of the path traveled by an object, regardless of direction; measured in meters (m).
Speed: The rate at which an object covers distance; calculated as distance divided by time (s = d/t); measured in meters per second (m/s).
Velocity: The rate at which an object changes its position, including direction; calculated as displacement divided by time (v = Δx/Δt); measured in meters per second (m/s).
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity of an object; calculated as change in velocity divided by time (a = Δv/Δt); measured in meters per second squared (m/s²).
Uniform Motion: Motion at a constant speed in a straight line.
Non-uniform Motion: Motion that involves a change in speed or direction, or both.
Instantaneous Speed: The speed of an object at a specific instant in time.
Average Speed: The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken.
Instantaneous Velocity: The velocity of an object at a specific instant in time.
Average Velocity: The total displacement divided by the total time taken.
Uniform Acceleration: Constant acceleration, such as the acceleration due to gravity.
Free Fall: The motion of an object under the influence of gravitational force only.
Projectile Motion: The motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity.
Trajectory: The path followed by a projectile or moving object.
Relative Motion: The calculation of the motion of an object with regard to some other moving object.
Frame of Reference: A coordinate system used to define and measure the position, orientation, and other properties of objects in it.
Linear Motion: Motion in a straight line.
Rotational Motion: Motion of an object about an internal axis.
Circular Motion: Motion along a circular path or a circular orbit.
Centripetal Acceleration: The acceleration directed toward the center of a circular path, necessary to maintain circular motion.
Centripetal Force: The force directed toward the center of a circular path, necessary to maintain circular motion.
Tangential Velocity: The linear speed of something moving along a circular path.
Kinematics: The branch of mechanics that describes the motion of objects without considering the causes of motion.
Dynamics: The branch of mechanics that deals with the forces and their effects on motion.
Newton’s Laws of Motion: Three fundamental laws describing the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.
Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
Momentum: The product of an object's mass and velocity (p = mv); a measure of how difficult it is to stop a moving object.
Impulse: The change in momentum resulting from a force applied over a period of time (J = Ft).
Equilibrium: The state in which the net force on an object is zero, resulting in no acceleration.
Translational Motion: Movement that changes the position of an object without rotation.
Angular Motion: Rotation around a central point or axis.
Harmonic Motion: Motion that repeats in cycles, such as a pendulum or a mass on a spring.
Damped Harmonic Motion: Oscillatory motion that gradually decreases in amplitude over time due to friction or other resistance.
Simple Harmonic Motion: Oscillatory motion under a restoring force proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position.
Uniform Circular Motion: Motion in a circle at constant speed.
Non-uniform Circular Motion: Motion in a circle with changing speed.
Velocity-Time Graph: A graph that shows how velocity changes over time, where the slope represents acceleration.
Position-Time Graph: A graph that shows how position changes over time, where the slope represents velocity.

Definition: Motion

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