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8.7: End of Chapter Key Terms

Last updated

Sep 4, 2024
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- 8.6: End of Chapter Activity
- 9: Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

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Definition: Magnetism

Magnetism: A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charges, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.
Magnet: An object that produces a magnetic field, with a north and south pole.
Magnetic Field: A field around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected, represented by field lines.
Magnetic Pole: One of two ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest; includes the north pole and south pole.
Magnetic Flux: A measure of the amount of magnetic field passing through a given area, measured in Weber (Wb).
Magnetic Flux Density: The amount of magnetic flux through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flow, measured in Tesla (T).
Electromagnet: A magnet created by electric current flowing through a coil of wire, often wrapped around a ferromagnetic core.
Ferromagnetic Material: A material, such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, that can be magnetized because of its high magnetic permeability.
Permanent Magnet: A magnet that retains its magnetic properties for a long period of time without the need for external power.
Temporary Magnet: A magnet that behaves like a permanent magnet when in the presence of a magnetic field but loses its magnetism when the field is removed.
Domain: A region within a ferromagnetic material where the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned in the same direction.
Curie Temperature: The temperature above which a ferromagnetic material loses its permanent magnetism and becomes paramagnetic.
Paramagnetic Material: A material that is weakly attracted by a magnetic field and does not retain magnetic properties when the external field is removed.
Diamagnetic Material: A material that is weakly repelled by a magnetic field and does not retain magnetic properties.
Magnetic Permeability: A measure of how easily a material can become magnetized, indicating the ability to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
Gauss's Law for Magnetism: A fundamental law stating that the net magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero, indicating that magnetic monopoles do not exist.
Magnetization: The process of aligning the magnetic moments of a material to produce a magnetic field.
Hysteresis: The lag between changes in the magnetization of a material and changes in the external magnetic field, often represented by a hysteresis loop.
Electromagnetic Induction: The process of generating an electric current by changing the magnetic field within a coil of wire.
Faraday's Law of Induction: A law stating that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil.
Lenz's Law: A law stating that the direction of an induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.
Inductor: A passive electronic component that stores energy in its magnetic field, typically a coil of wire.
Transformer: A device that uses electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease the voltage of alternating current (AC) in a circuit.
Magnetic Declination: The angle between geographic north and the direction a compass needle points, varying with location.
Magnetic Inclination: The angle between the horizontal plane and the Earth's magnetic field lines, varying with latitude.
Geomagnetic Field: The magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior into space, protecting the planet from solar wind and cosmic radiation.
Magnetosphere: The region around Earth dominated by its magnetic field, which deflects charged particles from the solar wind.
Solenoid: A coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it, often used to create uniform magnetic fields.
Toroid: A donut-shaped coil of wire that generates a magnetic field within the core of the coil when an electric current passes through it.
Hall Effect: The production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current.
Magnetic Levitation: The suspension of an object in the air using magnetic forces to counteract gravitational forces.
Magnetoresistance: The change in electrical resistance of a material in response to an applied magnetic field.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body.
Spintronics: A field of technology that exploits the intrinsic spin of electrons and their associated magnetic moment, in addition to their charge.
Magnetic Recording: The process of storing data by magnetizing a medium, used in devices like hard drives and magnetic tapes.

Definition: Magnetism

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