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20: Density Mole and Molarity

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Sep 4, 2024
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- 19.24: Polar Molecules
- 20.1: Introduction and Chapter Objectives

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20.1: Introduction and Chapter Objectives
20.2: Density
Density is a physical property that is defined as a substance’s mass divided by its volume. Density is usually a measured property of a substance, so its numerical value affects the significant figures in a calculation. Notice that density is defined in terms of two dissimilar units, mass and volume. That means that density overall has derived units, just like velocity.
20.3: Formula Mass and the Mole Concept
The formula mass of a substance is the sum of the average atomic masses of each atom represented in the chemical formula and is expressed in atomic mass units. The formula mass of a covalent compound is also called the molecular mass. A convenient amount unit for expressing very large numbers of atoms or molecules is the mole. Experimental measurements have determined the number of entities composing 1 mole of substance to be $6.022 \times 10^{23}$ , a quantity called Avogadro’s number.
20.4: Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas
The chemical identity of a substance is defined by the types and relative numbers of atoms composing its fundamental entities (molecules in the case of covalent compounds, ions in the case of ionic compounds). A compound’s percent composition provides the mass percentage of each element in the compound, and it is often experimentally determined and used to derive the compound’s empirical formula.
20.5: Mole Calculations in Chemical Reactions
Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in terms of moles. A balanced chemical reaction gives equivalences in moles that allow stoichiometry calculations to be performed.
20.6: Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
Mole quantities of one substance can be related to mass quantities using a balanced chemical equation. Mass quantities of one substance can be related to mass quantities using a balanced chemical equation. In all cases, quantities of a substance must be converted to moles before the balanced chemical equation can be used to convert to moles of another substance.
20.7: Composition of Substances and Solutions (Exercises)
These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "Chemistry" by OpenStax.
20.8: End of Chapter Key Terms

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