3.7: Angular Momentum
- Page ID
- 8379
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Notation:
- \(\textbf{L}_{C}\)= angular momentum of system with respect to centre of mass C.
- \(\textbf{L}\) = angular momentum of system relative to some other origin O.
- \(\overline{\textbf{r}}\) = position vector of C with respect to O.
- \(\textbf{P}\) = linear momentum of system with respect to O.
- (The linear momentum with respect to C is, of course, zero.)
\[ \textbf{L} = \textbf{L}_{C} + \overline{\textbf{r}} \times \textbf{P} \tag{3.7.1}\label{eq:3.7.1} \]
Thus:
\[ \begin{align*} \textbf{L} &= \sum \textbf{r}_{i}\times \textbf{p}_{i} = \sum m_{i}(\textbf{r}_{i}\times \textbf{v}_{i}) = \sum m_{i}(\overline{\textbf{r}} + \textbf{r}_{i}^{\prime})\times(\overline{\textbf{v}} + \textbf{v}_{i}^{\prime}) \\[5pt] &=(\overline{\textbf{r}}\times \overline{\textbf{v}})\sum m_{i} + \overline{\textbf{r}}\times \sum m_{i}\textbf{v}_{i}^{\prime} + (\sum m_{i}\textbf{r}_{i}^{\prime}) \times \overline{\textbf{v}} + \sum \textbf{r}_{i}^{\prime} \times \textbf{p}_{i}^{\prime} \\[5pt] &=M(\overline{\textbf{r}}\times \overline{\textbf{v}}) +\overline{\textbf{r}}\times 0 + 0 \times \overline{\textbf{v}} + \textbf{L}_{C} \end{align*} \nonumber \]
therefore
\[\qquad \textbf{L} =\textbf{L}_{C} + \overline{\textbf{r}} \times \textbf{P} \nonumber \]
A hoop of radius a rolling along the ground (Figure III.6):
The angular momentum with respect to C is LC = \(I_{C \omega}\) where \( I_{C}\) is the rotational inertia about C. The angular momentum about O is therefore
\[ I = I_{C}\omega+M\overline{v}a=I_{C}\omega+Ma^{2}\omega=(I_{C}+Ma^{2})=I\omega \nonumber \]
where
\[ I = I_{C}+Ma^{2} \nonumber \]
is the rotational inertia about O.