14.10: Inductance (Answers)
Check Your Understanding
14.1. \(\displaystyle 4.77×10^{−2}V\)
14.2. a. decreasing;
b. increasing; Since the current flows in the opposite direction of the diagram, in order to get a positive emf on the left-hand side of diagram (a), we need to decrease the current to the left, which creates a reinforced emf where the positive end is on the left-hand side. To get a positive emf on the right-hand side of diagram (b), we need to increase the current to the left, which creates a reinforced emf where the positive end is on the right-hand side.
14.3. 40 A/s
14.4. a. \(\displaystyle 4.5×10^{−5}H\);
b. \(\displaystyle 4.5×10^{−3}V\)
14.5. a. \(\displaystyle 2.4×10^{−7}Wb\);
b. \(\displaystyle 6.4×10^{−5}m^2\)
14.6. 0.50 J
14.8. a. 2.2 s;
b. 43 H;
c. 1.0 s
14.10. a. \(\displaystyle 2.5μF\);
b. \(\displaystyle π/2rad\) or \(\displaystyle 3π/2rad\);
c. \(\displaystyle 1.4×10^3\)rad/s
14.11. a. overdamped;
b. 0.75 J
Conceptual Questions
1. \(\displaystyle \frac{Wb}{A}=\frac{T⋅m^2}{A}=\frac{V⋅s}{A}=\frac{V}{A/s}\)
3. The induced current from the 12-V battery goes through an inductor, generating a large voltage.
5. Self-inductance is proportional to the magnetic flux and inversely proportional to the current. However, since the magnetic flux depends on the current I, these effects cancel out. This means that the self-inductance does not depend on the current. If the emf is induced across an element, it does depend on how the current changes with time.
7. Consider the ends of a wire a part of an RL circuit and determine the self-inductance from this circuit.
9. The magnetic field will flare out at the end of the solenoid so there is less flux through the last turn than through the middle of the solenoid.
11. As current flows through the inductor, there is a back current by Lenz’s law that is created to keep the net current at zero amps, the initial current.
13. no
15. At \(\displaystyle t=0\), or when the switch is first thrown.
17. 1/4
19. Initially, \(\displaystyle I_{R1}=\frac{ε}{R_1}\) and \(\displaystyle I_{R2}=0\), and after a long time has passed, \(\displaystyle I_{R1}=\frac{ε}{R_1}\) and \(\displaystyle I_{R2}=\frac{ε}{R_2}\).
21. yes
23. The amplitude of energy oscillations depend on the initial energy of the system. The frequency in a LC circuit depends on the values of inductance and capacitance.
25. This creates an RLC circuit that dissipates energy, causing oscillations to decrease in amplitude slowly or quickly depending on the value of resistance.
27. You would have to pick out a resistance that is small enough so that only one station at a time is picked up, but big enough so that the tuner doesn’t have to be set at exactly the correct frequency. The inductance or capacitance would have to be varied to tune into the station however practically speaking, variable capacitors are a lot easier to build in a circuit.
Problems
29. \(\displaystyle M=3.6×10^{−3}H\)
31. a. \(\displaystyle 3.8×10^{−4}H\);
b. \(\displaystyle 3.8×10^{−4}H\)
33. \(\displaystyle M_{21}=2.3×10^{−5}H\)
35. 0.24 H
37. 0.4 A/s
39. \(\displaystyle ε=480πsin(120πt−π/2)V\)
41. 0.15 V. This is the same polarity as the emf driving the current.
43. a. 0.089 H/m;
b. 0.44 V/m
45. \(\displaystyle \frac{L}{l}=4.16×10^{−7}H/m\)
47. 0.01 A
49. 6.0 g
51. \(\displaystyle U_m=7.0×10^{−7}J\)
53. a. 4.0 A;
b. 2.4 A;
c. on R: \(\displaystyle V=12V\); on L: \(\displaystyle V=7.9V\)
55. \(\displaystyle 0.69τ\)
57. a. 2.52 ms;
b. \(\displaystyle 99.2Ω\)
59. a. \(\displaystyle I_1=I_2=1.7A\);
b. \(\displaystyle I_1=2.73A,I_2=1.36A\);
c. \(\displaystyle I_1=0,I_2=0.54\);
d. \(\displaystyle I_1=I_2=0\)
61. proof
63. \(\displaystyle ω=3.2×10^{7}rad/s\)
65. a. \(\displaystyle 7.9×10^{−4}s\);
b. \(\displaystyle 4.0×10^{−4}s\)
67. \(\displaystyle q=\frac{qm}{\sqrt{2}},I=\frac{q_m}{\sqrt{2LC}}\)
69. \(\displaystyle C=\frac{1}{4π^2f^2L}\)
\(\displaystyle f_1=540Hz;\) \(\displaystyle C_1=3.5×10^{−11}F\)
\(\displaystyle f_2=;1600Hz\); \(\displaystyle C_2=4.0×10^{−12}F\)
71. 6.9 ms
Additional Problems
73. proof
Outside, \(\displaystyle B=\frac{μ_0I}{2πr}\) Inside, \(\displaystyle B=\frac{μ_0Ir}{2πa^2}\)
\(\displaystyle U=\frac{μ_0I^2l}{4π}(\frac{1}{4}+ln\frac{R}{a})\)
So, \(\displaystyle \frac{2U}{I^2}=\frac{μ_0l}{P2π}(\frac{1}{4}+ln\frac{R}{a})\) and \(\displaystyle L=∞\)
75. \(\displaystyle M=\frac{μ_0l}{π}ln\frac{d+a}{d}\)
77. a. 100 T;
b. 2 A;
c. 0.50 H
79. a. 0 A;
b. 2.4 A
81. \(\displaystyle a. 2.50×10^6V\);
(b) The voltage is so extremely high that arcing would occur and the current would not be reduced so rapidly.
(c) It is not reasonable to shut off such a large current in such a large inductor in such an extremely short time.
Challenge Problems
83. proof
85. a. \(\displaystyle \frac{dB}{dt}=6×10^{−6}T/s\);
b. \(\displaystyle Φ=\frac{μ_0aI}{2π}ln(\frac{a+b}{b})\);
c. 4.0 nA