3: Electricity and Magnetism
- Page ID
- 141528
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- 3.2: Resistors in Series and Parallel
- Most circuits have more than one component, called a resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit on charge flow is called resistance. The simplest combinations of resistors are the series and parallel connections . The total resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected.
- 3.3: Capacitors and Dielectrics
- A capacitor is a device used to store charge, which depends on two major factors—the voltage applied and the capacitor’s physical characteristics. The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor when the plates are separated by air or free space. A parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric between its plates has a capacitance that is sensitive to the dielectric constant of the material. The maximum electric field strength when an insulating material break down is called dielectric strength.
- 3.4: Magnets
- Magnetism is a subject that includes the properties of magnets, the effect of the magnetic force on moving charges and currents, and the creation of magnetic fields by currents. There are two types of magnetic poles, called the north magnetic pole and south magnetic pole. North magnetic poles are those that are attracted toward the Earth’s geographic north pole. Like poles repel and unlike poles attract. Magnetic poles always occur in pairs of north and south.
- 3.5: Ferromagnets and Electromagnets
- All magnetism is created by electric current. Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, are those that exhibit strong magnetic effects. The atoms in ferromagnetic materials act like small magnets (due to currents within the atoms) and can be aligned, usually in millimeter-sized regions called domains. Domains can grow and align on a larger scale, producing permanent magnets. Such a material is magnetized, or induced to be magnetic.