Appendix D: Astronomical Data

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Aug 10, 2020
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- Appendix C: Fundamental Constants
- Appendix E: Mathematical Formulas

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Celestial Object	Mean Distance from Sun (million km)	Period of Revolution (d = days) (y = years)	Period of Rotation at Equator	Eccentricity of Orbit
Sun	—	—	27 d	—
Mercury	57.9	88 d	59 d	0.206
Venus	108.2	224.7 d	243 d	0.007
Earth	149.6	365.26 d	23 h 56 min 4 s	0.017
Mars	227.9	687 d	24 h 37 min 23 s	0.093
Jupiter	778.4	11.9 y	9 h 50 min 30 s	0.048
Saturn	1426.7	29.46 y	10 h 14 min	0.054
Uranus	2871.0	84.0 y	17 h 14 min	0.047
Neptune	4498.3	164.8 y	16 h	0.009
Earth's Moon	14639 (0.386 from Earth)	27.3 d	27.3 d	0.055

Celestial Object	Equatorial Diameter (km)	Mass (Earth = 1)	Density (g/cm³)
Sun	1,392,000	333,000.00	1.4
Mercury	4879	0.06	5.4
Venus	12,104	0.82	5.2
Earth	12,756	1.00	5.5
Mars	6794	0.11	3.9
Jupiter	142,984	317.83	1.3
Saturn	120,536	95.16	0.7
Uranus	51,118	14.54	1.3
Neptune	48,528	17.15	1.6
Earth's Moon	3476	0.01	3.3

Other Data:

Mass of Earth: 5.97 x 10²⁴ kg

Mass of the Moon: 7.36 x 10²² kg

Mass of the Sun: 1.99 x 10³⁰kg

Contributors and Attributions

Samuel J. Ling (Truman State University), Jeff Sanny (Loyola Marymount University), and Bill Moebs with many contributing authors. This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0).

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